Suggestions for Future Researchers Suggestions for Teaching Learning Activity Using the Novel Tuesdays with Morrie

53 others, to community around us, and to create things that give us purpose and meaning. To conclude, in his condition, Morrie has his own views and ways to make a meaningful life such as by hearing other people’s problem and enjoying simple pleasures. He has realized that he cannot take material things with him when he dies. Here, he focuses on being “fully human” and being connected by the society around him. Through his speech and direct comments, Morrie is described as a smart, deep- thought, generous, brave, communicative, tough, and spiritually mature person.

B. Suggestions

This part is divided into two sections. The first is the suggestions for the future researchers. The second is the suggestions for teaching learning activity and the implementation of Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie for teaching Public Speaking I.

1. Suggestions for Future Researchers

Tuesdays with Morrie is an inspiring novel. It gives the readers a new point of view about life. Besides, the story enriches the readers in a way of looking values in their society and the importance of human relationships. There are many interesting aspects from this novel for future researchers to study. This study has analyzed the cultural aspect of the novel using the sociocultural- historical approach. It is suggested for the future researchers to conduct studies using the psychological approach. Using this approach, roles of Morrie’s closest people to maintain his living spirit can be analyzed. Besides, the characters of Morrie’s beloved people can also be analyzed as well. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 54

1. Suggestions for Teaching Learning Activity Using the Novel Tuesdays with Morrie

A novel, as one of literary works, has an ability to describe our real lives where lessons may be drawn of. Using a novel in teaching learning activities, such as in Public Speaking I class, allows students to enjoy the story of the novel and absorb the lessons it reveals. Besides, from reading a novel, students can enrich their vocabulary and broaden their knowledge of issues of human life experiences. Public Speaking I class aims at increasing student s’ fluency and confidence in speaking English. In this class, discussion is one of the topics given to enhance student’s ability in speaking English. The novel Tuesdays with Morrie by Mitch Albom can be used as a material to teach discussion in this class. The part of the novel to use is The Fifth Tuesday We Talk about Family from pages 90-97. These can be used to obtain information for the discussion. By reading part The Fifth Tuesday We Talk about Family, students may obtain knowledge of the importance of spiritual support for a person with a terminal disease from his her beloved people. In conclusion, the novel Tuesdays with Morrie can be used for teaching Public Speaking I in a way that supports the students to obtain information about issue being discussed. The procedures of Public Speaking I teaching learning activities using Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie are as follows: 1. The teacher brainstorms the students by asking them questions concerning terminal disease. Note: The material from the novel: The Fifth Tuesday We Talk about Family is distributed to the students on the previous meeting so the students should have read the material before the meeting. 2. The teacher explains how to conduct a discussion. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 55 3. The teacher asks the students to make a group of five. One student will be a group leader and four students will be members of the discussion. 4. The teacher gives the students an issue to discuss that is how to raise and maintain the spirit of a person with terminal disease. The students have fifteen minutes to have a draft of what they are going to tell in the discussion. The students may refer to the novel to support their discussions. 5. The teacher asks each group to perform their discussions for thirty five minutes. 6. After conduct a discussion, each group reports the result of the discussion. Each group may present the report for three minutes. 7. After have all group reported their discussions, the teacher evaluates the students’ performance and reviews the material. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 56 REFERENCES Abcarian, R, M. Klotz. with P. Richardson. Literature: Reading and Writing the Human Experience. Seventh Edition. New York: St. Mar tin’s Press. 1998. Print. Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms. Sixth Edition. Orlando: Harcout Brace Jovanovich. 1985. Print. Albom, M. Tuesdays with Morrie. New York: Broadway Books. 1997. Print. Albom, M. Tuesdays with Morrie. 2008-2009. Web. Accessed on December 13, 2010. http:mitchalbom.comdfilm3729tuesdays-morrie Albom, M. Tuesdays with Morrie. 2008-2009. Web. Accessed on December 13, 2010. http:mitchalbom.combio Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. Encarta® World English Dictionary [North American Edition] © P2009 Microsoft Corporation. 2009. Web. Accessed on March 28, 2011 http:encarta.msn.com.dictionary_1861 734112view.html Current, R. N. and T. H. Williams, F. B. Freidel. The Essentials of American History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 1976. Print. Ficther, J. H. Sociology. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 1958. Print. Forster, E. M. Aspects of the Novel and Related Writings. London: Edward Arnold Ltd. 1974. Print. Gordon, I. L. American Studies A Conceptual Approach. New York: Amsco School Publications, Inc. 1984. Print. Henkle, R. B. Reading the Novel An Introduction to the Techniques of Interpreting Fiction. New York: Harper Row, Publishers, Inc. 1977. Print. Henry, J. Culture against Man. New York: Vintage Books. 1965. Print. Holman, C. H. and W. Harmon. A Handbook to Literature. Fifth Edition. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. 1986. Print. Macmillan Publishers Limited. Macmillan Dictionary. 2009. Web. Accessed on March 29, 2011. http:macmillandictionary.comdictionarybritishvi ew PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 57 Merrill, F. E. Society and Culture an Introduction to Sociology. Third Edition. New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Inc. 1965. Print. NINDS. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Fact Sheet. Los Angeles, March 2010. Web. Accessed on May 1, 2010. http:www.ninds.nih.govdisorders amyotrophiclateralsclerosisdetail_amyotrophiclateralsclerosis.htm Murphy, M. J. Understanding Unseen An Introduction to English Poetry and the English Novel for Overseas Students. London: George Allen Unwin Ltd. 1972. Print. Richter, Jr., M. N. Exploring Sociology. Itasca: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc. 1987. Print. Rohrberger, M. and S. H. Wood, Jr. Reading and Writing about Literature. New York: Random House. 1971. Print. Stewart, E. C. American Cultural Patterns: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Maine: Intercultural Press. 1972. Print. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI APPENDICES PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 59 Appendix 1 Summary of Tuesdays with Morrie Mitch Albom, the books narrator, recalls his graduation from Brandeis University in the spring of 1979. After he has received his diploma, Mitch approaches his favorite professor, Morrie Schwartz, and presents him with a monogrammed briefcase. While at Brandeis, Mitch takes almost all of the sociology courses Morrie had teaches. He promises Morrie, who is crying, that he will keep in touch, though he does not fulfill his promise. Years after Mitchs graduation from Brandeis, Morrie is forced to forfeit dancing, his favorite hobby, because he has been diagnosed with ALS, a debilitating disease that leaves his soul, perfectly awake, imprisoned inside a limp husk of a body. Morries wife, Charlotte, cares for Morrie, though at his insistence, keeps her job as a professor at M.I.T. Sixteen years after his graduation from Brandeis, Mitch is feeling frustrated with the life he has chosen to live. After his uncle dies of pancreatic cancer, Mitch abandons his failing career as a musician to become a well-payed journalist for a Detroit newspaper. Mitch promises his wife Janine that they will have children eventually, though he spends all of his time at work, away on reporting assignments. One night, Mitch is flipping the channels on his television and recognizes Morries voice. Morrie is being featured on the television program Nightline in the first of three interviews with Ted Koppel, whom he quickly befriends. Before consenting to be interviewed, Morrie surprises and softens the famed newscaster when he asks Koppel what is close to his heart. Mitch is stunned to see his former professor on television. Following Morries television appearance, Mitch contacts his beloved professor and travels from his home in Detroit to Morries home in West Newton, Massachusetts to visit with him. When Mitch drives up to Morries house, he delays greeting his professor because he is speaking on the phone with his producer, a decision he later regrets. Shortly after his reunion with Morrie, Mitch works himself nearly to death reporting on the Wimbledon tennis tournament in London. There, he spends much time PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 60 thinking about Morrie and forfeits reading the tabloids, as he now seeks more meaning in his life and knows that he will not gain this meaning from reading about celebrities and gossip. He is knocked over by a swarm of reporters chasing celebrities Andre Agassi and Brooke Shields, and it is then that Mitch realizes he is chasing after the wrong thing. When he returns to his home in Detroit, Mitch learns that the article he has worked so hard to write will not even be published, as the union he belongs to is striking against the newspaper he works for. Once more, Mitch travels to Boston to visit Morrie. Following their first Tuesday together, Mitch returns regularly every Tuesday to listen to Morries lessons on The Meaning of Life. Each week, Mitch brings Morrie food to eat, though as Morries condition worsens he is no longer able to enjoy solid food. In his first of three interviews with Koppel for Nightline, Morrie admits that the thing he dreads most about his worsening condition is that someday, he will not be able to wipe himself after using the bathroom. Eventually, this fear comes true. Interspersed throughout Mitchs visits to Morrie are flashbacks to their days together at Brandeis. Mitch describes himself as a student who had acted tough, but had sought the tenderness he recognized in Morrie. At Brandeis, Mitch and Morrie shared a relationship more like that between father and son than teacher and student. Soon before Morries death, when his condition has deteriorated so much that he can no longer breathe or move on his own, he confides that if he could have another son, he would choose Mitch. In his childhood, Morrie had been very poor. His father, Charlie had been cold and dispassionate, and had neglected to provide for Morrie and his younger brother emotionally and financially. At the age of eight, Morrie must read the telegram that brings news of his mothers death, as he is the only one in his family who can read English. Charlie marries Eva, a kind woman who gives Morrie and his brother the love and affection they need. Eva also instills in Morrie his love of books and his desire for education. However, Charlie insists that Morrie keep his mothers death a secret, as he wants Morries younger brother to believe that Eva is his biological mother. This demand to keep his mothers death a secret proves a terrible emotional burden for young Morrie; he keeps the telegram all of his life as proof that his mother PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 61 had existed. Because he was starved of love and affection during his childhood, Morrie seeks it out in his old age from his family and friends. Now that he is nearing his death, Morrie says that he has reverted to a figurative infancy, and tries in earnest enjoy being a baby again. He and Mitch often hold hands throughout their sessions together. In his lessons, Morrie advises Mitch to reject the popular culture in favor of creating his own. The individualistic culture Morrie encourages Mitch to create for himself is a culture founded on love, acceptance, and human goodness, a culture that upholds a set of ethical values unlike the mores that popular culture endorses. Popular culture, Morrie says, is founded on greed, selfishness, and superficiality, which he urges Mitch to overcome. Morrie also stresses that he and Mitch must accept death and aging, as both are inevitable. On one Tuesday, Janine travels with Mitch to visit Morrie. Janine is a professional singer, and Morrie asks her to sing for him. Though she does not usually sing upon request, Janine concedes, and her voice moves Morrie to tears. Morrie cries freely and often, and continually encourages Mitch to do so also. As Morries condition deteriorates, so does that of the pink hibiscus plant that sits on the window ledge in his study. Mitch becomes increasingly aware of the evil in media, as it drenches the country with stories of murder and hatred. One such story is the murder trial of O.J. Simpson, the verdict of which causes major racial division between whites and blacks. Mitch tape records his discussions with Morrie so that he may compile notes with which to write a book, Tuesdays With Morrie, a project which he and Morrie refer to as their last thesis together. Morrie continually tells Mitch that he wants to share his stories with the world, a the book will allow him to do just that. Meanwhile, at Morries insistence, Mitch attempts to restore his relationship with his brother Peter who lives in Spain. For many years, Peter has refused his familys help in battling pancreatic cancer and insists on seeking treatment alone. Mitch calls Peter and leaves numerous phone messages, though the only reply he receives from his brother is a curt message in which Peter insists he is fine, and reminds Mitch that he does not want to talk about his illness. Morrie prophetizes that Mitch will once more PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 62 become close with his brother, a prophecy which, after Morries death, is realized. At Morries funeral, Mitch recalls his promise to continue his conversations with his professor and conducts a silent dialogue with Morrie in his head. Mitch had expected such a dialogue to feel awkward, however this communication feels far more natural than he had ever expected. Taken from: http:www.sparknotes.comlitmorriesummary.html. Accessed on February 19, 2011 at 20.05 a.m. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 63 Appendix 2 The Biography of Mitch Albom MITCH ALBOM is an internationally renowned and best-selling author, journalist, screenwriter, playwright, radio and television broadcaster and musician. His books have collectively sold over 28 million copies worldwide; have been published in forty-one territories and in forty-two languages around the world; and have been made into Emmy Award-winning and critically-acclaimed television movies. Mitch was born on May 23, 1958 in Passaic, New Jersey, the middle of three children to Rhoda and Ira Albom. He earned a bachelor’s degree in 1979 at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, majoring in sociology. In his early 20’s, while living in New York, he took an interest in journalism and volunteered to work for a local weekly paper, the Queens Tribune. Mitch eventually turned full-time to his writing, working as a freelance sports journalist in New York for publications such as Sports Illustrated, GEO, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. His first full time newspaper job was as a feature writer and eventual sports columnist for The Fort Lauderdale News and Sun Sentinel in Florida. He moved to Detroit in 1985, where he became a nationally-acclaimed sports journalist at the Detroit Free Press and one of the best-known media figures in that city’s history, working in newspapers, radio and television. He currently hosts a daily talk show on WJR radio airs Monday through Friday, 5-7 p.m. EST and appears regularly on ESPN Sports Reporters and SportsCenter. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 64 In 1995, he married Janine Sabino. That same year he re-encountered Morrie Schwartz, a former college professor who was dying of ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. His visits with Schwartz would lead to the book Tuesdays with Morrie, which moved Mitch away from sports and began his career as an internationally recognized author. Tuesdays with Morrie is the chronicle of Mitch’s time spent with his beloved professor. As a labor of love, Mitch wrote the book to help pay Morrie’s medical bills. It spent four years on the New York Times Bestseller list and is now the most successful memoir ever published. His first novel, The Five People You Meet in Heaven, is the most successful US hardcover first adult novel ever. For One More Day debuted at No.1 on the New York Times Bestseller List and spent nine months on the list. In October 2006, For One More Day was the first book chosen by Starbucks in the newly launched Book Break Program, which also helped fight illiteracy by donating one dollar from every book sold to Jumpstart. His most recent, Have a Little Faith, was released in September 2009 and selected by Oprah.com as the best nonfiction book of 2009. An award-winning journalist and radio host, Albom wrote the screenplay for both For One More Day and The Five People You Meet in Heaven, and is an established playwright, having authored numerous pieces for the theater, including the off-Broadway version of Tuesdays With Morrie co-written with Jeffrey Hatcher which has seen over one hundred productions across the US and Canada. Takens from: http:mitchalbom.combio . Accessed on February 17 th , 2011 at 08.15 a.m. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 65 Appendix 3 LESSON PLAN TO TEACH PUBLIC SPEAKING I Subject : Public Speaking I Skill : Speaking Level : Semester IV of English Education Study Program Time : 2 x 50 minutes Materials : - The Fifth Chapter of the novel Tuesdays with Morrie, pages 90- 97 - Handouts of Participating in Group Discussion Standard Competence : Students are able to increase their fluency and confidence in speaking English. Basic Competence : Students are able to express their thoughts and opinions in a group discussion. Objective : Students are able to state their own opinions about how to raise and maintain the spirit of people with terminal diseases through a group discussion. Achievement Indicators : The students are able to: 1. Explain the definition and the kinds of terminal disease in their own words. 2. Mention the possible mental and social effects from suffering a terminal disease to the sufferers. 3. Mention the ways to raise spirit for people with a terminal disease. 4. Mention the ways to maintain spirit of people with a terminal disease. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 66 Learning Activities : 1. Pre Activities 15 ’: - The students answer the teacher’s questions related to a terminal disease: what they feelings are if they suffer from the disease, what they should do to raise their own spirit The students have read the part five of the novel Tuesdays with Morrie before the meeting 5 ’. - The students read the material about discussion 10 ’. 2. Whilst Activities 55 ’: - The students make a group of five and choose the group leader 5 ’. - The students prepare to conduct a discussion by making a draft of what they are going to say in the discussion 15 ’. - The students discuss about ways to maintain the spirit of people with terminal disease 35 ’. - The students jot down important things from the discussion. 3. Past Activities 30 ’: - The students make a conclusion about their discussion 1 5’. - The students report the discussion to the class spoken 15 ’. - The students make summary of their discussion as homework which is to be submitted in the next meeting. Evaluation : Teacher evaluates the students from: 1. Accuracy of content of the students’ discussion with the topic given. 2. Fluency, pronunciation, cooperation, and confidence of the students. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 67 Appendix 4 Learning Material Participating in Group Discussions If you follow these steps, or this path, you will be able to organize your group discussion into a logical sequence of events so that all participants can find one or more solutions to a problem. Step 1: Identify a Problem Choose a problem that interests all participants. The discussion will be much livelier if all group members feel personally involved and committed to solving the problem. Example : One group of students chose the problem of children in the U.S. being less physically fit than ever before. Step 2: Prove the Problem Exists Present evidence that your group’s problem truly exists. Find statistics, refer to your own personal experiences or the experiences of people you know, quote expert sources, or give specific incidences of the problem that have been reported in the news. Example Children in the U.S. are less physically fit than ever before. 1. The Harvard School of Public Health research has found alarming increases in the rate of obesity since 1960. a. Fifty-four percent increase among six- to eleven-year-olds. b. Thirty-nine percent increase among twelve- to seventeen-year-olds. 2. A Chrysler Fund Amateur Athletic Union AAU study found the average weight of twelve- to thirteen-year-olds has increased eight pounds over the past decade with only a slight increase in height. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 68 Step 3: Explain the Causes of the Problem Present information that reveals the causes of the problem. Brainstorming can help you discover this information. As you brainstorm, follow the guidelines below: - Think of as many ideas as you can. Anyone may contribute ideas at any time. The more ideas, the better. - Do not criticize or evaluate ideas at this point. Even a “bad” idea may provoke a better one from someone else. - When you can think of no more ideas, evaluate the ones your group came up with. Keep the cause that are most relevant; discard the others. Example Children in the U.S. are less physically fit than ever before. 1. Diets high in fat, salt, and sugar. 2. Pollution andor crime making it unsafe for children to play outside. 3. TV and video games that encourage children to remain indoors. 4. Deterioration of physical-fitness instruction in schools. Step 4: Predict Possible Future Effects of the Problem Predict what is likely to happen if the problem is not solved. You could explain, for example, how people or society in general might be affected. Example Children in the U.S. are less physically fit than ever before. 1. There will be increased physical problems in adulthood causing much human suffering. 2. Billions of dollars will be spent on medical problems. a. Higher medical insurance premiums. b. More out-of-pocket medical expenses. 3. There will be lower productivity due to increased absenteeism from work. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 69 Step 5: Present Possible Solutions to the Problem Brainstorm ways this problem might be solved. Present suggestions made by authorities and concerned individuals. Also, give your opinions about how to solve the problem. Example Children in the U.S. are less physically fit than ever before. 1. Pressure local schools to offer daily physical-education classes for elementary and high school students. 2. Pressure the schools to put more emphasis on good nutrition. 3. Encourage parents to limit their children’s TV and video game time.

6. Select the Best Solutions