21 avoid patients from fatigue and depression. The role of occupational therapist lies on
suggesting the use of devices to help patients remain mobile, such as the use of walkers and wheelchairs.
Caregivers may cooperate with therapists and nutritionists in case of providing the nutritious meals. Social workers, home care, and hospice nurses are
able to help ALS patients in a sense of emotional condition of patients and families and also of financial matters. Support from many aspects for ALS patients is needed
to maximize quality of their life.
B. Review of Related Studies
The novel Tuesdays with Morrie has attracted a lot of people in the world. Many people are touched by the story of Morrie’s struggle. Since the story contains
good values, it was made into a movie and was presented on ABC- TV in December 1999 http:mitchalbom.comdnode3729.
Two researchers from the English Language Study Program, Sanata Dharma University had used the novel for their studies. The first writer was Sri Murni Lestari
whose study entitled The Influence of Morrie on Mitch’s Personality Development as
Reflected in Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie. The second writer was Lissa whose work entitled
A Study of Morrie’s Self Actualization as Seen in Mitch Albom’s Tuesdays with Morrie.
Lestari’s study discusses the changes in Mitch’s personality. Through psychological approach, she reveals how Morrie can change Mitch’s personality into
a better one. Whereas Lissa’s thesis discusses Morrie’s self-actualization using
psychological approach. In this thesis, Morrie is explained to be able to self-actualize
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22 himself. It is presented that Morrie has characters of self-actualizing people, namely
an efficient perception of reality, a general acceptance of nature, others, and oneself, spontaneity, simplicity and naturalness, a focus on problems outside themselves, a
need for privacy and independence, autonomous functioning, a continued freshness of appreciation, mystical, or “peak” experiences, social interest, interpersonal relations,
a democratic character structure, discrimination between means and ends, between good and evil, an unhostile sense of humor, creativeness, and resistance to
enculturation. These two previous studies have become sources for this study in
understanding the characters in novel Tuesdays with Morrie.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this study, six theories are applied to obtain a profound understanding of the novel. The first theory is theory of critical approaches which helps the writer to
determine an approach to use in analyzing the problem formulation. From this theory, the cultural-historical approach is applied.
The second theory is theory of character. This theory is used in order to obtain a better knowledge of the main character, Morrie. This knowledge supports the
analysis to answer the formulated problems. As well as the theory of character, the theory of characterization also contributes in a sense of understanding Morrie, as the
main character, who has his own concepts of culture. The fourth theory is theory of culture. This theory is used to answer the
problems formulated as the main issues that are discussed in this study. Besides, the theory of American culture also gives a benefit in answering the problem formulation
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23 since it discusses the culture which is used in the novel as the setting. Furthermore,
this theory is used as an attempt in applying the sociocultural-historial approach. The last theory that is applied in this study is the theory of ALS. This theory is
useful for the readers in getting the same perception on this symptom. Hence, the main character, Morrie, is deeper understood.
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24
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
There are three parts which will be presented in this chapter. The first part focuses on description of the novel as the object of this study. The second part talks
about the approach applied to answer the previous formulated problems in this study. The last part is the explanation of procedures which are undergone for this study.
A. Object of the Study
This study uses a novel entitled Tuesdays with Morrie as the object of the study. This novel was written by Mitch Albom and was published in 1997 by
Broadway Books in New York, United States of America. This novel has 192 pages in 27 chapters. In the same year, the novel was taken in New York Times bestsellers
list. This novel was adapted into a movie, produces by Oprah Winfrey in 1999 and received some Emmy Awards http:mitchalbom.combio.
Tuesdays with Morrie tells a story of the “last lecture” held by Morrie
Schwartz, a sociologist, with the one and only student named Mitch Albom. Morries suffers from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS and he is going to die
. Despite his
terminal disease, Morrie decides to accept his condition and deal with it instead of mourning all day long.
Hearing at a glance on the television when his former lecturer is being interviewed in a prominent talk show segment, Mitch decides to visit him. In the
meeting, Morrie tells about his condition and his desire to let others people know
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