10 While a round character is a character that should be surprising in a particular
time due to his inconsistency of what he has said. For this character, life is unpredictable and so his behavior undergoes changes as response to things happen.
Holman and Harmon 83 categorized the kinds of characters into static character and dynamic character. The static character does not experience changing in
his personality traits even though things happen to this character. The character is not intended to describe his response to things. On the contrary, the dynamic character
shows changes in response to things happen.
3. Characterization a. Definition of Characterization
Murphy 161 explains the definition of characterization as ways of an author reveals his character’s personalities toward attitudes presented by the character.
Characterization constitutes factors which enable authors to tell the human qualities in their novels. The factors guide the readers to obtain understanding of the human
themes of the novels Henkle 86.
b. Ways of Characterization
There are nine ways of characterization suggested by Murphy. They are personal description, character as seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of
others, reactions, direct comment, thoughts, and mannerism. The first way to describe a character is through personal description
. In this
way, readers can understand the character of a person by his physical appearance including the cloth.
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11 Character as seen by another is the second way to characterize a character.
Instead of what a character presents, readers may understand the character through another opinion to the character.
The third way of characterization is speech. The character is described with what he says. Anything that the character says, whether it is an opinion or a
conversation may give clue to his personality. The fourth way of charac
terization is past life. Using this way, the person’s character is portrayed by a description of his past life experiences. The past life may
reveal through the person’s thoughts, through his dialogues, or through other people. Conversation of others is the fifth way of characterization. Readers of a novel
might be able to understand the personality of a character by the conversation of other people. In this way, other people talk about the character in which we can conclude
the character’s personality. The sixth way of characterization proposed by Murphy is reactions. Readers
may obtain an understanding about a character’s personality by the revelation of the character’s response to many things happen. Direct comment is the next way of
characterization. Through this way, an author gives his comment directly on a person’s character.
The eighth way is thoughts. A feature that makes a novel special is that the readers are able to know what a person in the novel thinks. Through the thoughts of
the person, the readers may know the character of him. The last way of characterization is mannerism. In this way, the readers may
attain knowledge of a person’s character from habits, manners, or extraordinary trait revealed.
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12
4. Culture
