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a. Finite Verb Phrases
Finite verb phrases have some characteristics which differentiate them from non-finite verb phrases. The verb phrases also consist of simple and complex
finite verb phrases.
1 The Characteristics of Finite Verb Phrases
Finite verb phrases have some characteristics. These are the characteristics and the examples of each.
a Tense Distinction
Finite verb phrases have tense distinction, that is, present tense and past tense to express grammatical time relations, e.g.
[1] She reads a book.
b The Verb Phrase of a Main Clause
Finite verb phrases can occur as the verb phrase of a main clause, e.g. [2]
He makes his bed every morning. c
Mood
Finite verb phrases have mood, indicating the speaker’s attitude to the predication indicative, imperative: to express a command, and subjunctive: to
express a wish, recommendation, and so forth. Both the imperative and the present subjunctive consist of the base form of the verb, e.g.
[3] I suggest you give him a call.
d Finite Verb Form
Finite verb phrases have a finite verb form, e.g. [4]
The baby cried.
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2 Kinds of Finite Verb Phrases
Finite verb phrases consist of simple and complex finite verb phrases. The former differs from the latter in the way that they consist of only one verb.
a Simple Finite Verb Phrases
The finite verb phrase is simple when it consists of only one verb, which may be imperative, present, or past, e.g.
[5] I run quickly.
b Complex Finite Verb Phrases
There are four basic types of complex finite verb phrases Quirk et al., 1972. Each consists of two verbs.
i Type A ModalPeriphrastic
It consists of a modal or periphrastic auxiliary + the base of the verb- phrase head, e.g.
[6] They may disturb.
ii Type B Perfective
It consists of the auxiliary have + the –ed participle of the verb-phrase head. For example:
[7] They have disturbed.
iii Type C Progressive
It consists of the auxiliary be + the –ing participle of the verb-phrase head. For example:
[8] They are disturbing.
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iv Type D Passive
It consists of the auxiliary be + the –ed participle of the verb-phrase head. For example:
[9] They are disturbed.
v Various Combinations
These four types can also enter into various combinations with each other. These are the combinations and the examples.
[10] AB: They may have disturbed.
[11] AC: They may be disturbing.
[12] AD: They may be disturbed.
[13] BC: They have been disturbing.
[14] BD: They have been disturbed.
[15] CD: They are being disturbed.
[16] ABC: They may have been disturbing.
[17] ABD: They may have been disturbed.
[18] ACD: They may be being disturbed.
[19] BCD: They have been being disturbed.
[20] ABCD: They may have been being disturbed.
b. Non-Finite Verb Phrases
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