Error Sources Errors and Mistakes

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b. Error Sources

According to Tarigan and Tarigan 1988, pp. 85-89, errors can be classified into interlanguage errors and intralingual errors. Interlanguage errors result from the interference of learners’ first language L1 in the language being learned second languageL2. On the other hand, intralingual errors are those which are not affected by learners’ L1 and reflect general characteristics of the learned rules. There are four causes of intralingual errors, namely: 1 Overgeneralization It is the application of the regular strategies to new situations. An L2 learner creates a deviant language structure in his L2 production based on his experience in L1 production. Richards points out that this may happen because L2 learners want to ease their “linguistic burdens” as cited in Tarigan Tarigan, 1988. For example: [xiv] The girl is walks on foot to school instead of The girl walks on foot to school. 2 Ignorance of Rule Restrictions It is the failure to observe the rule restrictions in the target language; the application of some rules in the contexts in which those rules are not applicable. For example: [xv] the book that I read it instead of the book which I read PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 21 3 Incomplete Application of Rules Incomplete application of rules happens when learners create deviant structures in their language production because they may be interested in how to use language efficiently to communicate without having to master all the rules necessary for the utterances they produce. It reflects the level of the development of the rules necessary to produce acceptable utterances. For example: [xvi] You like this? instead of Do you like this? 4 Falsely-Hypothesized Concepts Falsely-hypothesized concepts result from inappropriate understanding on the distinctions in the target language. For example: [xvii] We are live in a small but beautiful house instead of We live in a small but beautiful house. [xviii] She was said, “I don’t know the answer” instead of She said, “I don’t know the answer.”

5. Error Analysis