Research Methods RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

24

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, firstly the researcher is going to discuss the methods, setting, participants, and instruments and data gathering technique of the research. After that, the researcher is going to describe the data analysis technique. Eventually, she is going to give some description about the steps of the research procedure.

A. Research Methods

This study was a sort of a descriptive research because it was aimed at describing the grammatical errors related to the use of verb phrases found in the speech or spoken language of Microteaching students of English Language Education Study Program ELESP of Sanata Dharma University in the academic year 20102011. According to Sprinthall, Schmutte, and Sirois 1991, a research is typically called descriptive when the primary purpose of the research is description, rather than some other basic goal such as looking for differences between groups or relationships among variables p. 98. The researcher carried out a document analysis, or also often called content analysis Ary, Jacobs, Razavieh, 2007, p. 461, since the researcher collected some data related to the incorrect verb phrases in the participants’ speech in documents. The content analysis was conducted mainly to answer the first research question, that is, to find out the verb phrase errors produced by the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 25 students in their speech. In addition, the method was employed to answer the second research question, that is, to find out the causes of the errors that the students produced. However, because the researcher realized that it was not enough just to employ this method to answer the second research question, she also conducted a survey to help her to find out what caused the verb phrase errors. The documents themselves, according to Bogdan and Biklen 2003, are materials such as photographs, videos, films, memos, letters, diaries, clinical case records, and memorabilia of all sorts p. 57. There are three main types of documents Bogdan Biklen, 2003, p. 58. 1. Personal documents : those produced by individuals for private purposes and limited use such as letters, diaries, and autobiographies. 2. Official documents : produced by organizational employees for record- keeping and dissemination purposes such as memos, newsletters, and files and the like are used to study bureaucratic rhetoric. 3. Popular culture documents : produced for commercial purposes to entertain, persuade, and enlighten the public such as commercials, TV programmes, news reports, or audio and visual recordings. The researcher used the second type of document, specifically, student records. The records are usually kept by schools and particularly elaborate and important Bogdan Biklen, 2003, p. 129. Gall, Gall, and Borg 2007 state that content analysis has been defined as a generic name for a variety of means of textual analysis that involve comparing, contrasting, and categorizing a corpus of data to test hypotheses p. 288. There PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 26 are some steps in a content analysis in a qualitative research. Firstly, it typically begins with identifying documents and records that are representative of the phenomenon that the researcher plans to study. The next will be determining which materials might be relevant to his research study. Then, he determines how he can collect these materials for analysis within the guidelines for ethical conduct of research. Eventually, he will need to consider the validity of the materials Gall et al., 2007, p. 292. As having been stated previously, the researcher also conducted a survey. The survey research was carried out by the researcher mainly to help her to answer the second and third research questions. She carried out a sample survey. A sample survey is one that investigates only part of a population Ary et al., 2007, p. 451. They further explain that a sample survey can be done to measure opinions, achievements, and other psychological or sociological contracts. In this study, the survey was done by having interviews with some of the participants.

B. Research Setting