translator would be able to produce a good translation product and the reader would not be confused as well.
2. Employing adjustment
Hatim and Munday 2004 stated that adjustment is an overall technique which may take several forms. Based on the explanation, the researcher
understood well that a translator might make use of redundancy, explicating or repeating information in order to keep the meaning equivalent from the source
text into the target text. For example, in the case of Bahasa Indonesia a translator might employ kata ulang in order to describe well the plural forms of countable
nouns rumah-rumah for houses, buku-buku for books, pohon-pohon for trees, etc.. On the other hand, a translator might also employ bentuk tunggal for a
representative of group of nouns or of plural forms of nouns since the nouns belong to the same category rumah for houses, buku for books, pohon for trees,
etc.. Related to the technique of adjustment, the researcher had found a good
example in the translation product. In order to provide a good explanation, the researcher would like to label TT
1
as the translation product without adjustment and TT
2
as the translation product with adjustment.
[4] ST : He remembered that he had a number of things he had to take care of: he
went to the market for something to eat, he traded his book for one that was thicker, and he found a bench in the plaza where he could sample the new
wine he had bought. TT
1
: Dia ingat dia punya masih banyak urusan lain yang harus dibereskan; dia pergi ke pasar untuk mencari makanan, dia menukarkan bukunya dengan
yang lebih tebal, dan dia menemukan bangku panjang di alun-alun, tempat dia mencicipi anggur yang baru dibelinya.
TT
2
: Dia ingat dia punya masih banyak urusan lain yang harus dibereskan; dia pergi ke pasar untuk mencari makanan, dia menukarkan bukunya dengan
buku yang lebih tebal, dan dia menemukan bangku panjang di alun-alun, tempat dia mencicipi anggur yang baru dibelinya.
Figure 4: The 1
st
example of adjustment employed in the translation
As the researcher had seen, the translator once again encountered with a relative clause. In the previous example, the translator had employed formal equivalence
in her translation. However, in this part she tended not to replace the reference with the appropriate. The translator chose to replace the phrase “one that was
thicker” with “dengan yang lebih tebal” instead of “ dengan buku yang lebih tebal.” The researcher assumed that the readers were still able to understand the
meaning well even though the translator did not replace the reference with the appropriate object because the reference in the source text as well as in the target
text refers to one form: book. Then, there was another good example that the researcher found. The
example is shown in the following figure and, in order to provide a good explanation, the researcher also provides the word-per-word translation later on
would be referred to as WTr.
[5] ST : As he walked past the city’s castle, he interrupted his return, and climbed the
stone ramp that led to the top of the wall. WTr : Saat berjalan melewati kastil kota itu, dia menangguhkan kepulangannya,
dan mendaki jalan bebatuan yang mengarah ke puncak tembok. TT : Saat berjalan melewati kastil kota itu, dia menangguhkan kepulangannya,
dan mendaki jalan bebatuan yang landai menuju ke puncak tembok.
Figure 5: The 2
nd
example of adjustment employed in the translation
In Figure 4.5, the translator replaced the relative clause with anak kalimat keterangan pewatas as usual but the translator chose to replace “led to the top of
the wall” by “menuju ke puncak tembok” instead of “yang mengarah ke ujung tembok.” The researcher assumed that the readers were still able to understand the
meaning of the source text even though the translator did not employ the ordinary translation as having been suggested above. The reason was that the phrase
“menuju ke puncak tembok” was able to grasp the readers’ understanding faster than that of “mengarah ke puncak tembok.” Looking at the example, it was clear
that the adjustment method employed above was in line with that of communicative translation.
Since Newmark 1988 stated that communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both
content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership, therefore it was clear that the translator would like to re-word the translation in
order to cover the contextual meaning. The researcher was able to see the translator’s effort when she chose “menuju ke puncak tembok” instead of “yang
mengarah ke ujung tembok” as the translation of “led to the top of the wall.’ In
addition, both of the phrases in the target text referred to the same reference in ST: something that brings someone to the top of the wall.
Next, the researcher still found another example of adjustment in the translation. The example provided below was rather unique.
Figure 6: The 3
rd
example of adjustment employed in the translation
In Figure 4.6, the researcher found that the translator tended to re-structure the relative clause as well as the whole sentence in order to be understood easier by
the readers. The difference in the ordinary translation and that of the translator’s
was very significant. Most of the forms had been replaced and, at a glance, the replacement seemed to be pretty far. However, the target text of the translator
version was able to grasp the readers’ understanding more quickly than that of the suggested one. The reason is that the target text of the suggested version tended to
be one-on-one translation or direct translation of the source text. In Bahasa Indonesia, the suggested version is acceptable but the version will take longer
time for the readers to understand. Meanwhile, the target text of the translator version was shorter and more to the point. As a result, the readers would be able
to grasp the meaning of the source text more quickly. Both of the versions, actually, referred to the same reference days in the boy’s life that passed but the
translator version was more quickly to grasp the readers’ understanding.
[6] ST : With every day that passed, the boy’s heart became more and more silent.
WTr : Dengan setiap hari yang berlalu, hati si bocah menjadi lebih dan lebih tenang.
TT :
Seiring berlalunya hari-hari, hati si bocah menjadi semakin tenang.
[7] ST : There are probably other things in the world that the sheep can’t teach
me, thought the boy as he regarded the old merchant. WTr : Rupanya ada banyak hal di dunia ini yang tak dapat domba-domba itu
ajarkan padaku, pikir si bocah. TT : Rupanya ada banyak hal di dunia ini yang tak dapat diajarkan oleh
domba-domba itu padaku, pikir si bocah.
3. Employing structure shift
