RESEARCH POPULATION AND SAMPLE
CONCEPTS SUB-CONCEPTS
INDICATORS DGI
involve the target
language Oxford,
1990.
Indirect strategies are
strategies which support
and manage language
learning without
directly involving the
target language
Oxford, 1990.
Web-based learning is
learning activities
which are conducted
through web- site which
may support the efficiency
and effectiveness
of the learning process.
Reeves Reeves, 1997
Reviewing well
Reviewing in carefully spaced
intervals 20
Employing action
Using creative but tangible techniques to
remember new words 26
Cognitive strategies
Practicing Repeating learning
words using the same or various activities
8 Analyzing
and reasoning
Comparing vocabulary of the
new language with elements of one‘s
own language
to determine
similarities and
differences Converting
target words into native
words and vice versa from
words and
phrases 15
Creating structure for
input and output
Taking note of words which are needed to
be learnt more Highlighting some
words to focus on them
18, 19
Compensation strategies
Guessing intelligently
Seeking and using language-based clues
in order to guess the meaning of words
9
Indirect strategies
Metacognitive strategies
Centering learning
Comprehensively taking overview a
key concept, principle, or set of
materials in an upcoming activity
and associating it with what is already
known
Deciding in advance to pay attention in
general to learning tasks and ignore the
distracters
Paying attention to specific aspects of
the words or phrases 6, 22,
27
Arranging and planning
learning Setting aims for
learning vocabulary Deciding the
purposes of doing the 1, 12,
14, 16, 17
CONCEPTS SUB-CONCEPTS
INDICATORS DGI
tasks Creating
opportunities to practice vocabulary
Evaluating learning
Identifying errors in understanding words
Evaluating the progress in learning
vocabulary 10, 21,
28, 29, 30
Affective strategies
Lowering anxiety
Achieving convenient feeling to
learn vocabulary 2, 4
Self- encouraging
Providing personal motivation during the
learning process 3, 7,
13, 23 Social
strategies Cooperating
with others Working together
with peers to solve problems
Discussing materials to get better
understanding of the materials with peers
5, 11
DGI = Data Gathering Items