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generate emotional twists and turns in a narrative and can lead to a variety of endings: happy, sad or bittersweet.
Theme is an element of a story that binds together various other essential elements of a narrative. It is a truth that exhibits universality and stands true for
people of all cultures. Theme gives readers better understanding of the main character’s conflicts, experiences, discoveries and emotions as they are derived
from them. Through themes, a writer tries to give his readers an insight into how the world works or how he or she views human life.
2.5 Setting
Roberts and Jacobs 1995:230 say that setting is the natural, manufactured, political, cultural, and temporal environment, including everything
that characters know and own. Characters may be either helped or hurt by their surroundings, and they may fight about possession and goals. Further, as
characters speak with each other, they reveal the degree to which they share the customs and ideas of their times.
Setting in literary work is important because it may stir the reader’s imagination as well as reveal the significance of the action. The element of setting
can be differentiated into three principle element: setting of places, setting of time, and setting of society. Although each of these elements offer situations but
actually they are close influence each other. In works of narrative especially fictional, the literary element setting
includes the historical moment in time and geographic location in which a story takes place, and helps initiate the main backdrop and mood for a story. Setting has
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been referred to as story world or milieu to include a context especially society beyond the immediate surroundings of the story. Elements of setting may include
culture, historical period, geography, and hour. Along with the plot, character, theme, and style, setting is considered one of the fundamental components of
fiction. Setting is a critical component for assisting the story, as in man vs. nature
or man vs. society stories. In some stories the setting becomes a character itself. The term setting is often used to refer to the social milieu in which the events of
a novel occur. Novelist and novel-writing instructor Donna Levin has described how this social milieu shapes the characters’ values. For young readers in the US,
the setting is often established as the setting. As children advance, the elements of the story setting are expanded to include the passage of time which might be
static in some stories or dynamic in others e.g. changing seasons, day-and-night, etc.. The passage of time as an element of the setting helps direct the childs
attention to recognize setting elements in more complex stories. Setting is another way of identifying where a story takes place.
Fictional locations are places that exist only in fiction and not in reality, such as the Negaverse, Planet X, or Skyrim. Writers may create and describe such
places to serve as backdrop for their fictional works. Fictional locations are also created for use as settings in role-playing games such as Dungeons and Dragons.
They may also be used for technical reasons in actual reality for use in the development of specifications, such as the fictional country of Bookland, which is
used to allow EAN country codes 978 and 979 to be used for ISBN numbers
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assigned to books, and code 977 to be assigned for use for ISSN numbers on magazines and other periodicals.
Fictional locations vary greatly in their size. Very small places like a single room are kept out of the umbrella of fictional locations by convention, as
are most single buildings. A fictional location can be the size of a university H.P. Lovecrafts Miskatonic University, a town Stephen Kings Salems Lot, a county
Raintree Country, a state Winnemac in various Sinclair Lewis stories, a large section of continent as in north-western Middle-earth, which supposedly
represents Europe, a whole planet Anne McCaffreys Pern, a whole galaxy Isaac Asimovs Foundation books, even a multiverse His Dark Materials. In a
larger scale, occasionally the term alternate reality is used, but only if it is considered a variant of Earth rather than an original world. Austin Tappan
Wrights Islandia has an invented continent, Karain, on our world.
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3. THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS
3.1 Allyson Healey
Allyson is the main character in the novel. She is 18 years old. Allyson recently has completed her senior high school and continues her studying in
medical major in Boston, USA. She lives in the dormitory. When she graduates from school, her parents gave her a gift that is Study Tour but she was reluctant to
go. As written below,
“When my parents gave me this trip as a big high-school graduation present, I was a little reluctant to go. But Mom had reassured me that
she’d done her research. Teen tours Was very well regarded, noted for its high-quality educational component, as well as the care that was
taken of its students. I would be well locked after. “You’ll never be alone,” my parents had promised me. And, of course, Melanie was
coming too.” Forman 2013:5
Allyson is a good girl and very obedient to her parents. When some members of the tour took her to a night out to the local bars, Allyson refuses to
follow them, although most of them are legally old enough to drink alcohol in Europe. As written as follow,
“I don’t go to the bars. I usually just go back to the hotel rooms Melanie and I share and watch TV. You can almost always find
American movies, the same kinds of movies which, back at home, Melanie and I often watched together on weekends, in one of our
rooms, with lots of popcorn. Forman 2013:5
While Allyson and Melanie walk around the town, they are visited by a man with blond hair and give them a brochure. The man says that they will play a
drama near the canal not far from their hotel. And then they receive an invitation from the man. So they come and watch the whole drama until the end. The next
day they get ready to station to London, they reach the station, then Allyson hears
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