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Considering all of the studies, I view that there is still an area of studies that has not been explored. This area is “The Construction of English Multiple
Choice Summative Test Item of KTSP A test for the Eight Grade Student in the second semester of SMP in Batang in Academic Year 20092010.
2.2 Review of the Theoretical Studies
This section presents the theory which related to the studies. Including in this section are test and curriculum.
2.2.1 Test
Chase 1978: 6 states “a test is a systematic procedure for comparing the performance of an individual with a designed standard of performance”.
Brown 2004: 3 defines “test as a method of measuring a person’s ability, knowledge, or performance in a give domain. A test is first a method, is a set of
technique, procedures, or items that requires performance on the part of the test taker. Second, a test must measure. Some tests measure general ability, while
others focus on very specific competencies or objectives. Next, a test measures an individual’s ability, knowledge, or performance. Testers need to understand who
the test-takers are. Fourth, a test measures performance, but the results imply the test-taker’s ability, or, to use a concept common in the field of linguistics
competence. Finally, a test measures a given domain. In the case of a proficiency test, even though the actual performance on the test involves only a sampling of
skills, that domain is overall proficiency in a language- general competence in all skills of a language. Other tests may have more specific criteria.
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A well-constructed test is an instrument that provides an accurate measure of the test-taker’s ability within a particular domain. The definition sounds fairly
simple, but in fact, constructing a good test is a complex task involving both science and art.
Webster’s collegiate as quoted by Karmel 1978:5 states that “test is any series of questions or exercises or other means of measuring the skill, knowledge,
intelligence, capacities of aptitudes an individual or group”. “A test is a set of question, each of which has a correct answer, that
examinees usually answer orally or in writing” Tinambunan 1988: 3.
2.2.2 Types of Test
