Dedy Rizki Damanik : The Translation Of Bound Morphemes In “Brokeback Mountain” By Annie Proulx Into “Gunung Brokeback” By Hetih Rusli, 2009.
Newmark 1988: 45 breaks down the types of translation into eight; they are word – for - word translation, literal translation, faithful translation,
semantic translation, adaptation, free translation and communicative translation. Furthermore, the brief description of these types of translation will
be discussed below:
a. Word – for – Word Translation
This is often demonstrated as interlinear translation, with the TL immediately below the SL words. The SL word – order is preserved and
the words translated singly Newmatk 1988: 45. It means that each word or morpheme in source language is translated by a word or morpheme in
target language by their most common meanings. For example:
English SL Bahasa IndonesiaTL
His heart is in the right place ‘kepunyaan hati adalah dalam itu
benar tempat’ Each word in the sentence is translated singly.
b. Literal Translation
The SL grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest TL equivalent but the lexical words are again translated singly, out of context.
As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved. Example:
English SL Bahasa Indonesia TL
His heart is in the right place ‘hatinya berada di tempat yang
benar’
Dedy Rizki Damanik : The Translation Of Bound Morphemes In “Brokeback Mountain” By Annie Proulx Into “Gunung Brokeback” By Hetih Rusli, 2009.
If we analyze, the translation of target language is compatible with the English grammar. TL follows the form of SL.
c. Faithful Translation
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original within the constrains of the TL grammatical structures. It
‘transfers’ cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ‘abnormality’ deviation from SL norms in the translation. It
attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and the text-realization of the SL writer.
Example: English SL
Bahasa Indonesia TL Ben is too well aware that he
‘ben menyadari trelalu baik bahwa is naughty
ia nakal’ The meaning of this translation is faith with the SL but strange in TL. It
should be better if translated ‘Ben menyadari bahwa ia nakal’.
d. Semantic Translation
It differs from ‘faithful translation’ only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value that is, beautiful and natural sound of the SL
text, compromising on meaning where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in the finished version. Further, it may translate
less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents. The distinction between ‘faithful’ and
Dedy Rizki Damanik : The Translation Of Bound Morphemes In “Brokeback Mountain” By Annie Proulx Into “Gunung Brokeback” By Hetih Rusli, 2009.
‘semantic’ translation is that the first is uncompromising and dogmatic, while the second is more flexible, admits the creative exception to 100 fidelity
and allows for the translator’s intuitive empathy with the original. Example:
English SL Bahasa Indonesia TL
He is a book-worm ‘dia adalah seseorang yang suka sekali membaca’
This translation is not difficult to understand though no culture equivalent but using he the same idiom in TL.
e. Adaptation
