3.4 Instruments of the Study
Instrument is a medium to collect the data of a research. According to Arikunto 2010: 193, there are several kinds of instrument; they are tests, questionnaire, interview,
observation, rating scale, and documentation. In this study, the researcher used tests, questionnaire and observation as the instruments.
3.3.1 Quantitative Data Instruments
To get the quantitative data, that was the students‟ scores, this study used tests as the
instruments. Below is the explanation.
3.3.1.1 Tests
According to Arikunto 2010: 193, test is a series of questions that is used to measure skill, knowledge, intelligence, ability or talent of an individual or a group of people. This
study used two kinds of test. They were pretest and posttest. The form of the tests was a fill-in the blank type. The materials of the tests were the thirty verbs on the Table 3.2.
However, those materials were still based on the frequency of appearance of the verbs. For the tests, the materials were decided based on the degree of difficulty of the verbs.
The first fifteen verbs were categorized as easy verbs so that they would be used in the first cycle. Besides, the second fifteen verbs were categorized as difficult verbs so that
they would be used in the second cycle. Because the research design of this study was action research, there were several tests that were conducted. They were explained as
follows.
1 Initial Pre-test IP
The Initial Pre-Test was the test that researcher gave to the students before the treatments. The purpose of the test was to determine whether or not the students had
problems in mastering the past form of irregular verbs. In addition, this test was used to measure the students‟ initial ability of the usage of past form of irregular verbs. The list
of the verbs is available in Appendix 4 while the test items are available in Appendix 5.
2 Cycle 1 Pre-Test C1 Pre-Test
Cycle 1 Pre-Test was the test that was given before the first treatment was conducted. The function of this test was to know the students initial ability towards the first half
materials of the Initial Pre-Test. The materials were the first fifteen verbs in the selected materials. The list of the verbs is available in Appendix 6. However, in this study, the
Cycle 1 Pre-test was not given to the students. The researcher only re-calculated the students‟ scores from their answers for the first fifteen verbs in the Initial Pre-Test.
3 Cycle 1 Post-Test C1 Post-Test
Cycle 1 Post-Test was the test that was given after the first treatment was conducted. The purpose was to measure the students‟ progress after they were given the first
treatment. The materials that were used in this test were the same as the Cycle 1 Pre-Test materials. However, they were arranged in a different order. The verbs that were used in
this test are available in Appendix 7 while the items of the test are available in Appendix 8.
4 Cycle 2 Pre-Test C2 Pre-Test
Cycle 2 Pre-Test was the test that was given before the second treatment was conducted. The purpose was to know the students‟ initial ability towards the usage of past form of
irregular verbs in the second half of the selected verbs. The materials were the second fifteen verbs of the selected verbs. The list of the verbs is available in Appendix 9.
However, the students did not have to do this test. The researcher only re-calculated the students‟ scores from their answers in the second fifteen verbs of the Initial Pre-Test.
5 Cycle 2 Post-Test C2 Post-Test
Cycle 2 Post-Test was the test that was given after the second treatment was conducted. The purpose was to measure the students‟ progress after they were given the second
treatment. The materials were the same as the Cycle 2 Pre-Test materials. However, they were arranged in a different order. The list of the verbs is available in Appendix 10 and
the test items are available in Appendix 11.
6 Final Post-Test FP
Final Post-Test was the test that was given to the students after two treatments were conducted. The purpose was to measure the students‟ progress after they were given two
treatments. The materials used in the Final Post-Test were the same as those materials used in the Initial Pre-test. However, they were arranged in a different order. The list of
the verbs is available in Appendix 12 and the test items are available in Appendix 13.
Then, the instruments for the secondary data are presented below.
3.3.2 Qualitative Data Instruments
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