10 It is defined as the amount of money earned by students from their parents
in every month. In Indonesia it is well known as ‘uang bulanan’.
1.5. Peer Acceptance
According to Slaughter et al. 2002, peer acceptance refers to the extent to which children are accepted or rejected by their peer group.
Consistent with that definition, Gifford-Smith Brownell 2003 defined peer acceptance as
: “the degree to which children are liked or disliked by the children in their peer group
”. When the degree is high, it implies that they have a high peer acceptance, vice versa. Basically both definitions are
essentially the same, it is the terms used that distinguishes them. The first definition used the term „are accepted‟ while the second definition used „are
liked‟ to describe that a person is welcomed by his peers. The second term used differently is the term „are rejected‟ and „are disliked‟ which refers to
the condition where a person is not welcomed by his peers. The most suitable measurement of peer acceptance based on the above definitions
would be to ask their peers, not the individuals. Peer acceptance in this study would be measured by asking the
individuals themselves,n ot by asking their peers. Therefore the definition of peer acceptance is based on the opinion of Bristol Mangleburg 2005
that it is about the extent to which peers exert influence on the attitudes,
11 thoughts, and actions of an individual. Similarly, Aral 2010 noted that
rooted in utility theory, the i nfluence is about how the behaviors of one‟s
peers change the utility one expects to receive from engaging in a certain behavior and thus the likelihood that or extent to which one will engage in
that behavior. Here, peer acceptance is best explained by the term utilitarian
influence, in which an individual is willing to satisfy a certain group‟s expectation Kelman, 1961. It is also noted by Yang
et al
. 2007 that suggesting in the advertisements that one may obtain social approval and
acceptance by just using a certain commodity, will have an influence on certain groups of consumers. Based on the definition of Bristol
Mangleburg 2005, this study defines peer acceptance as the effort an individual make in order to be accepted by his peers.
1.6. Money Retention
