30 positive statements based on the questionnaire. The following part will describe
each of instruments that are used in this research.
1. Questionnaire
In this study, the researcher used questionnaire in order to find out the answer of both questions of the formulation problems. It was about what the
students’ perceptions on the use of group discussion to increase their engagement in the speaking sessions of
CLS I and what the students’ perceptions on their engagement in group discussion in the speaking sessions of CLS I. The researcher
distributed the questionnaire to the third semester at English Language Education Study Program students in the academic year 20142015. The questionnaire can
be seen in the Appendix D.
Fraenkel Wallen 2008 state that there are two types of question in questionnaire; they are close-ended and open-ended questions p. 396. In this
research, the researcher only used close-ended questions to gather the data. In this type, the participants were given the questions in the form of multiple-choice.
Then, the respondents should answer the questions based on the choices given. Moreover, there were twenty questions in the form of close-ended
question. The students had to answer the questions based on the choices given, which were 1 strongly disagree, 2 disagree, 3 agree, 4 strongly agree. From
those close-ended questions, the students might answer the questions by putting a tick √ in the choices given.
Altman, Valenzi, and Hodgetts 1985 state that one of major advantages of close-ended or objective questionnaire is the ease with which responses can be
31 collected and fed into a computer for statistical analysis p. 52. This kind of
questionnaire might help the researcher to collect the data easily into the computer to be analysed in statistical form. However, close-ended questionnaire also has
disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is that respondents are restricted in their replies Altman, Valenzi, Hodgetts, 1985, p. 52. This means that the
respondents are not able to explain their answers.
2. Interview
