14
The last process is assimilation which means a change of a consonant sound that becomes similar to a neighbouring consonant as z in the word beds but as s in
the word bets or in a phrase can pay which n is likely to be replaced by a labial
m. On the other hand, Fromkin et al. 2011: 284 divide morphophonemic
processes into five categories which are assimilation, dissimilation, feature- changing, segment insertion and deletion, and movement metathesis rules.
Basically, the definition of assimilation is the same as Kreidler’s definition while segment deletion is similar to Kreidler’s vowel and consonant loss definition.
Fromkin et.al. define dissimilation as a term when two sounds become less similar to another segment, the opposite of assimilation. The example is the word
fifth fifӨ which undergoes the dissimilation into fift to change the last two
fricatives with a stop. Meanwhile, feature-changing is defined as giving aspirate to a consonant only if the vowel before is stressed like in the word repeat r
ɪˈpiːt. The p in that word is aspirated. Next, segment insertion is a process of adding a
segment such as a letter or an affix into a word. The last is movement metathesis which means switching two phonemes so that the word is easier to pronounce.
For instance, some English speakers pronounce the word ask as ɑks but asking
as ɑskɪŋ.
C. Theoretical Framework
In this present study, the researcher uses two main theories. The first theory consists of six parts while the second theory consists of only one part.
15
Those two theories and some parts of them are taken to prove the connection among each other and be the base to answer the problems of this study.
The first is the theories of morphology from Bauer, O’Grady and Archibald that are applied in this study. They are used as the basic theory of all
the problems, particularly for number one and three. The understanding of morpheme is needed in order to help the researcher analyze the distributions of
the suffix {-ure} because it discusses the smallest language element. Afterward, the understanding of affixation and suffix is used to explain the process of adding
the suffix {-ure} to base words. Then, derivational suffix is used to analyze the alteration of the part of speech of words which are attached to suffix {-ure}.
Furthermore, by applying those parts of morphological theory in this study, it helps the researcher understand the meaning of the suffix {-ure} which becomes
the third problem. The second is the phonological theory by Fromkin et al. 2011 which is
applied in this study in order to answer the problem number two. The researcher uses the morphophonemic process in order to find out the phonological process
that occurs in words attached to the suffix {-ure}.
16
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
A. Object of the Study
The linguistic elements analyzed in this study are words. The researcher analyzes words which are attached to the bound morpheme {-ure} that also has a
function as a suffix. It is called as the bound morpheme because that morpheme cannot stand alone. The researcher analyzes the words attached to the suffix {-
ure} through two reliable printed dictionaries. The first dictionary is Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English Ninth Edition by A.S. Hornby
in the year of 2015. The main data are taken from the first dictionary. It is chosen because that dictionary is up to date. It provides the phonetic transcription, part of
speech, and definition of each word. The second dictionary is The New Oxford American Dictionary Second Edition by McKean in the year of 2005. It provides
the origins, histories, and derivatives of the words. In addition, the pronunciation, short definition, and which century when each word is first used is also provided
in it. This dictionary is used in order to find the etymology dealing with the origin of the words attached to the suffix {-ure} found in the first dictionary. Therefore,
those dictionaries are needed to analyze this present study.
B. Approach of the Study
There are two approaches that are used by the researcher in this study in order to help the researcher analyze the data. The first one is a morphological
