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2.1.2.3 Situation
Situation is one of the important factors that affect someone in making perception about something especially about learning process. As stated by
Donnelly, Gibson, and Ivancevich 1985 that situational factor here is about the press of time, the attitudes of the people, and other situational factors which will
influence perceptual accuracy. That statement is supported by Kumar 2014. Kumar stated that an effective learning situation is one in which all the essential
elements for promoting learning. It means that there is a relation between situation, perception, and students’ learning activity in the class. The teacher
should be able to create an interesting learning situation by using any kinds of teaching techniques. By creating an interesting learning activity, it will make the
students have positive perception about the learning process in the class.
2.1.2.4 Selectivity
The other factor which can influence people to make perception is selectivity. People have an ability to catch all the information, but the people
cannot use all of the information. People should be able to select what kind of information which can support their viewpoints. It is supported by Gibson,
Ivancevich, and Donnely 1985. They stated that people tend to ignore some information or cues that can make them discomfort. In this case, teachers may
give information to the students as much as they can. However, the students should be able to select what kind of information which is useful for them.
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2.1.2.5 Need
The other factors which can influence people to make their perception is need. Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnely 1985 stated that perceptions are
significantly influenced by needs and desires. In the learning process, the learners will learn what they want to be learned. Teachers should be able to know the
students’ needs. Teachers should be able not only to create a creative teaching technique, but also a learning material which is suitable for the students’ need.
Those two things will affect the students’ perceptions about the learning process. If the teacher can create a creative learning material which is suitable with the
student’s need, it will make the students have positive perception about the learning process.
2.1.2.5 Emotion
The last factor which can influence people to make their perception is emotion. Emotion plays an important role in shaping someone’s perception. That
is supported by Gibson, Ivancevich, and Donnelly 1985. They stated that a strong emotion can make a person create a negative or positive perception. In the
learning process, the teacher should be able to make a good learning atmosphere for the students. If the teacher can create a good learning atmosphere, the students
will have a good emotion to enjoy the learning process. If the students can enjoy the learning process, they will have good motivation to learn.
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