Theoretical Framework Theoretical Description

23

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses about the method of this research. This chapter is divided into seven parts. They are Method, Research Participants, Setting, Research Instruments, Data Gathering Technique, Data Analysis Technique, and Research Procedure.

3.1 Research Method

In this research, the researcher used mixed research methods. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010, mixed research method is a new research methodology in which the same study uses both quantitative and qualitative approach. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Sorensen 2010, qualitative research focused on the understanding of social phenomena from the perspective of the human participants in natural settings. Denzin and Lincoln 2000 defined the qualitative research as the qualities of entities, processes, and meanings that are not experimentally examined or measured in terms of quantity, amount, intensity, or frequency. The data collection methods which are usually used in qualitative research method are observation, interview, and document analysis. In the other side, the researcher also used quantitative research method. As stated by Minchiello in McLeod 2008 that the concept of quantitative research was concerned about discovering facts of social phenomena and it assumed a fixed and measurable reality. In this research, the researcher also used questionnaires and 24 conducted an interview to answered the first research question about the implementation of role play for XI grade students of tourism department in SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta and the second research question about the students’ perceptions on the use of role play for XI grade students of Tourism Department in SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta.

3.2 Research Participants

The research participants on this research were the XI class students of Tourism Department in SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta. The researcher took 31 XI grader students of Tourism Department in SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta. In this research, the researcher used purposive sampling to get the interviewee. According to Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen and Razavieh 2010 purposive sampling is a non probability sampling technique in which subjects judged to be representative of the population are included in the sample. The researcher took 12 students from 31 students in the class. Those 12 students were the representatives of the students who had the most positive perception and the most negative perception. So there were six students who have the most positive perceptions and six students who had the most negative perception.

3.3 Research Setting

The researcher conducted the research on March 25 th , 2014 in the second semester of the Academic Year of 2013-2014. The setting of the research was XI grade class of Tourism Department in SMK Negeri 7 Yogyakarta. 25

3.4 Research Instrument and Data Gathering Technique

In this research, the researcher used three kinds of research instruments to collect some datas related to this research. Those research instruments were observation, questionnaire, and interview. After that the researcher conducted an interview with the students and the English teacher.

3.4.1 Observation

The first technique was observation. Observation is the basic way to find out some data in qualitative research. According to Stenhouse 1975, observation is more than just looking or listening and it must in some ways to be selective. The researcher also used a checklist to record the collected data. Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen, and Razavieh 2010 defined a checklist as a simplest device that used in qualitative research which is presenting a list of something that want to be observed. During the observation, there were 15 aspects which had observed in order to get some important supporting data. Table 3.1. Observation Guidelines Observation Guidelines Class : Date : No Statements Yes No Notes 1 The teacher gave some explanations before the students show their performance. √

3.4.2 Questionnaire

The second technique and instrument was questionnaire. Questionnaire is one of the research instruments which were used by the researcher to collect the data. According to Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen and Razavieh 2010, questionnaire is 26 an instrument in which respondents provide written responses to questions or mark items that indicate their responses. There are two types of questionnaire. Those are open-ended and close ended questionnaire. According to Foddy in Reja, Manfreda, Hlebec and Vehovar 2003, there are some differences between open-ended and close-ended questionnaire. One of the differences is that open-ended questionnaire allows to express an opinion without being influenced by the researcher. In this research, the researcher used the combination between open-ended and close-ended questionnaire. In this research, the researcher distributed a questionnaire to 31 students. The questionnaire consists of some questions about the implementation of role play in the class, the students’ perceptions on the use of role play, and the effect of using role play for their speaking ability. The questionnaire which was used in this research consisted of 22 questions. Those were 20 closed type questions, and 2 opened type questions. The closed type questions were used to make the respondents easy when they have to fill it. The researcher divided the question in the questionnaire into three parts. The first part was about the students’ opinion about the use of role play. The second part was about the benefits on the use of role play as a teaching technique. The last part was about the implementation of role play in the class. In this research, the researcher used Likert scale to evaluate the questionnaire. According to Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen and Razavieh 2010, likert scale is a method of summated ratings which is assessed the attitudes toward a 27 topic by presenting a set of statements about the topic and asking respondents to indicate for each whether they strongly agree, agree, are undecided, disagree, and strongly disagree. The statements about the responds of the statements were symbolized in numerical symbol which is represent the indicator of the responds 1 stands for strongly disagree, 2 stands for disagree, 3 stands for undecided, 4 stands for agree, and 5 stands for strongly agree. Table 3.2. Example of Questionnaire Form No Statements 1 2 3 4 1 Role play is an interesting technique to be used in a learning process. In this research, the researcher measured the students’ perceptions whether the perceptions strongly disagree, disagree, agree, or strongly agree by using Likert scale. It was measured by statement which was given by the researcher. The researcher omitted the undecided point in order to avoid misunderstanding because it did not contribute any responses. Table 3.3. Categories of Statement No Categories of Statement Number of Statement 1. Students’ perceptions on the Use of Role play 1 – 5 2. The Advantages of Role play 6 – 14 3. The Implementation of Role play 15 – 20

3.4.3 Interview

Another research instrument which was used by the researcher was interview. According to Ary, Jacobs, Sorensen and Razavieh 2010, interview is a process of oral questioning of a subject. That was supported by to Bogdan and Biklen in Hoepfl 1997. According to Bogdan and Biklen in Hoepfl 1997 interview can be used as the primary strategy for data collection or in conjunction