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3.1.5 Designed Materials Revision
The last step adapted from educational research and development was revising the instructional materials. The result of the evaluation was to recognize
whether the designed materials were well developed or not.
3.2 Research Participants
The participants of the evaluation were two English teachers of Senior High School and two lecturers of English Language Education Study Programme
of Sanata Dharma University. The designed materials which were enclosed in the questionnaires were distributed to the teachers and the lecturers to be evaluated.
They were asked to give feedback whether the materials were acceptable or not.
Table 3.2 The Description of the Participants of the Evaluation Educational Background
Teaching Experience in year
Groups of Participants
S1 S2 S3 1-5 6-10 10 English Lecturers
1 1
1 1
English Teachers
2 1 1
3.3 Research Instrument
The instrument which was used to gather the data was questionnaires. It was used to gather the data on the designed materials. According to Borg and Gall
1983 there are two types of questions employed within questionnaires, namely closed from and open form questions. In closed form questions, the responses of
the questions are already available. The closed form questions require the
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participants to choose one of the available responses. On the other hand, the open form questions require the participants to give responses in their own words. In
conducting this study, both types of questions were employed.
3.4 Data Gathering Techniques
The data to evaluate the designed materials were gathered by distributing questionnaires to two English teachers of Senior High School and two lecturers of
English Language Education Study Programme of Sanata Dharma University. The teachers and the lecturers were asked to evaluate the designed materials based
on the criteria in the questionnaires.
3.5 Data Analysis Techniques
The findings of the evaluation were analysed to know whether the designed materials were appropriate for the first grade students of Senior High
School or not. In order to analyse the data, measures of central tendency were employed within this study. Measures of central tendency provide the average of
all scores from all subjects Borg and Gall, 1983. The mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. The mean is generally considered the best
measure of central tendency because of its stability Borg and Gall, 1983. The mean was calculated by dividing the sum of all scores by the number of all
subjects. The scores of the mean in each criterion in the questionnaires should be at
least 3.5. When the scores were below 3.5, the designed materials would be
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revised based on the suggestions given by the participants of the evaluation. The formula to measure the mean of the data gathered from the questionnaires was as
follows: Ν
ΣΧ =
Χ
Notes: Χ : the mean
X : the raw source N : the number of subject
∑ : sum The results of data analysis were presented in Table 3.3.
Table 3.3 The Description of the Participants’ Opinions on the Designed Materials
Notes: N : Number of cases the amount of the participants Mn : Mean
3.6 Research Procedures
Kategori