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2.1.1.1 The Roles of Teachers in KTSP
The teachers are expected to develop and apply their own curriculum BSNP, 2006: 5. The role of the teachers is to become the facilitator whose duty
is to create conducive atmosphere for learning Mulyasa, 2003: 188. The teachers are expected to be creative in designing the proper instructional materials.
2.1.1.2 The Roles of Students in KTSP
The students are treated as the center of the learning process BSNP, 2006: 5. They are considered as the subjects of every activity in class. They are
expected to be active and critical during class and to find other source of the materials will be discussed.
2.1.2 Communicative Competence
Theoretically, communicative competence means the competence which is required for language communication Agustien, 2005: 1. The term was coined
by Del Hymes in 1966, reacting against the inadequacy of Noam Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance. In 1995, Celce-Murcia,
Dornyei, and Thurrell proposed a communicative competence model Depdiknas, 2003: 1.
The Indonesia government decides to adopt the communicative competence proposed by Celce-Murcie et al. within KTSP since it helps the
teachers see what competences are required to develop the students’ communicative competence Agustien, 2005: 1. The figure of communicative
competence proposed by Celce-Murcie et al. is presented in Figure 2.1.
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Figure 2.1 Schematic Representation of Communicative Competence
Adopted from Celce-Murcia et al., 1995: 10 as cited in Depdiknas, 2004: 51 In Figure 2.1, discourse competence is placed at the center of the communicative
competence. Discourse competence is the ability to create and interpret texts both spoken and written contextually Agustien, 2005. It can only be achieved if the
supporting competences have been acquired. Those supporting competences are as follows:
1. Linguistic competence
This competence means the ability to use the grammar, vocabulary, intonation, punctuation, etc, of a language Depdiknas, 2004: 52.
2. Actional competence
It refers to the ability to do something using language both spoken and written to convey certain message Depdiknas, 2004: 54.
Sociocultural competence
Linguistic competence
Actional competence
Strategic competence
Discourse competence
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3. Sociocultural competence
This competence means the ability to communicate in the way native speakers of the language do based on the culture where the language is used
Depdiknas, 2004: 58. 4.
Strategic competence This competence covers the ability to maintain the process of communication
when one meets deficiencies. This competence is realized in spoken language Depdiknas, 2004: 61.
In order to acquire communicative competence, language users have to activate the sociocultural, actional, linguistic, and strategic competence to shape the
discourse competence.
2.1.3 Model of Language
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