Seddity The theory of African American Vernacular English

that the men and women from different language group will marry and have children with whom there will be little option but to speak in the pidgin. While the multitude of African languages initially resulted in the slaves developing a pidgin based on English vocabulary, the following generations of slaves grew up speaking only the pidgin, and the original African languages ceased to be passed on at all. When a pidgin language replaces the original vernaculars that caused it to evolve in this waym we say that the pidgin has become a creole. Crowley, 1992: 267 Due to the slavery, African slaves at that time could not raise better life or education. “More that half of all slaves in 1860 worked on plantation, and most of those were fieldhands” Tindall, 1997: 438. The slavery had started since early of the seventeenth century until 1860s, brought up anti-slavery movement to United States. A civil war between the Confederate States of America and the United States that killed billions of white and black people from April 1961 to April 1965 caused Abraham Lincoln to sign the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1863. “Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation which warned on January 1, 1863, all slaves in Confederate States or areas still under active reb ellion would be „thenceforward and forever free‟ Tindall, 1997: 512” However, this emancipation did not satisfy enough for the blacks, it seemed not legal enough. That is why in 1865, Abraham Lincoln proclaimed the Thirteenth Amendment on January 1865. The amendment was the sign of the end of war and about the abolishment of slavery in the United States. “thus removing any lingering doubts about the legality of the emancipation” Tindall, 1997: 514. Unfortunately, the Thirteenth Amendment could not guarantee the rights of African-American citizens. They still had to face racial segregation, which means those „Black‟, Americans were separated from the „White‟ American. The government in 1877 even raised new laws that were known as Jim Crow Laws. Southerners began passing new laws enforcing racial segregation separation of black people from whites known as Jim Crow Laws. Based on Encyclopedia Britannica 2015, Jim Crow Law is any of the laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of the formal Reconstruction period in 1877 and the beginning of a strong civil rights movement in the 1950s. The segregation was enforcing the „Black‟ Americans to be not equal with the „White‟ Americans in facilities such as they had to use the different bus, different library, and different bathroom. The segregation is seen in the novel proposed by a white lady, Hilly Holbrook. “That‟s exactly why I‟ve designed the Home Help Sanitation Initiative,” Miss Hilly say. “As a disease-preventive measure.” Miss Skeeter look real confused. “The Home… the what?‟ “A bill that requires every white home to have a separate bathroom for the colored help. I‟ve been notified the surgeon general of Mississippi to see if he‟ll endorse the idea. I pass.” Stocket, 2009: 10 Not only in the term of facility, had the „Black‟ Americans also separated in opportunity. They lived under poverty, they had to work hard to the „White‟ Americans, and most children had to quit their school. As it seen in Minni e‟s monologue, “I was fourteen years old to the day… I was about to quit school and start my first job ” Stocket, 2009:45. Therefore, there was a movement proposing the end of racial segregation in the United States, it was known as African- American Civil Rights. This civil rights bring benefits to African- American citizen that they are now equal to any races in the United States. “This was also the time when the word Negro came to be replaced by the word Black with reference to Afro-Americans. The new concept of “Blackness” and the new use of the word Black in the sixties spawned