Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

C. Method of the Study

The method used in this study was contrastive linguistic study. The data to conduct the analysis were taken from novel The Help, from the dialogue of the characters from chapter one until chapter four. Then those data were elaborated by some theories from books and internet websites.

1. Data Collection

The data were collected from the novel The Help by Kathryn Stockett. First thing the writer did was to read the whole novel. While reading the novel, the writer decided to look for the linguistic features including syntactical, phonological and lexical features. For the linguistic features of African American Vernacular English, the data were taken from two black housemaids, Aibileen and Minny in chapter one to chapter four. This thesis used sampling method because these four chapters had represented the linguistic features needed in the analysis. Then, the writer re-read the novel carefully and marked the linguistic features shown in each page of the four chapters. Not only marking on each page, but the writer also made tables of the linguistics features shown in the novel. It would be easier for the writer to organize the data. The writer also tried to find out the causes of two different cultural communication among the characters. For the causes, the data were taken from the conversations between the characters in chapter one until chapter four. The two different cultural communications were taken from between the black housemaid to the black housemaid Aibeleen to Minny Minny to Aibeleen, between the black housemaid to the white master AibeleenMinny to Miss Skeeter Miss Leefolt Miss Celia, between the white master to the white master between Miss Hilly and her white friends.

2. Data Analysis

This research has two problems. First is about the linguistics features of African American Vernacular English, second is about the influence of intercultural communication to the linguistic features of African American Vernacular English. The writer firstly collected the linguistic features of African American Vernacular English, which had been previously discussed. For analyzing the linguistic features, the writer firstly used Rickford’s tables of the syntactical and phonological aspects of African American Vernacular English in his book African American Vernacular English. To analyze the lexical aspects, the writer was helped by Lisa J. Green’s book entitled African American English. All those books were some references to find the linguistic features. Those findings are compared to the linguistic features of Standard English using the contrastive linguistic approach. The findings in the syntactical features of African American Vernacular English were compared to syntactical features in Standard English. In the phonological features, the findings were collected and compared to the phonological features and phonetic transcriptions in Standard English. Then, using the theory of the rules of phonology, what processes that happened in the phonological features in African American Vernacular English were revealed. The lexical findings were analyzed by comparing the meaning of words that were shown in the novel to the meaning shown in the reliable dictionary, such as Oxford dictionary or the New Webster dictionary. For the causes of two different cultural communication among the characters, the writer used the theory of speech accommodation, the theory of speech modification, and the theory of components of communicative events. Using those theories, the writer analyzed the causes of two different cultural communication among the characters. It was started by comparing the dialogues of a black housemaid to a black housemaid as the most appearance in the novel, then the dialogues of a black housemaid to a white master, and the last was from a white master to a white master. After it was compared, the use of syntactical, phonological, and lexical features between those characters who belong to different cultures were found out. Therefore, the writer could find out that the causes of two different cultural communication that influence someone’s language in the novel.