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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter presents three subchapters, which are; first, review of related studies; second, review of related theories; and, third, theoretical framework. The
first subchapter, review of related studies, consists of papers and undergraduate thesis discussing the similar topic with the present study. The second subchapter,
review of related theories, consists of theories which are used to analyze the problems in this study. The third subchapter, theoretical framework, explains the
contribution of the theories and how they are applied in order to examine the problems in this study.
A. Review of Related Studies
There are several studies conducted under the same topic that have been done by some researchers.
The first study is “Humor Strategies in the American Sitcom Friends; An Empirical Study with Reference to Grice‟s Cooperative Principle”, which was
conducted by Yu-wen Wu and Yong Chen in 2010. In this study, Wu and Chen explore how American sitcom characters violate Grice‟s Cooperative Principle to
create humor in their daily conversation. The American situation comedy which is chosen as the data source from which the data are taken is Friends. Friends is a
situation comedy which describes the relationships and the daily lives among six close friends in New York. It is found that the humor strategies used by the
characters to create humor in the situation comedy are resulting from the violation of conv
ersational maxims of Grice‟s Cooperative Principle. The results of the study show that irony, responding irrelevant statements, and making an excuse are
the humor strategies mostly used by the characters in the 10
th
season of the situation comedy. Different kind of humor strategies is used by the characters
depends on their intention to achieve humorous situations since each humor strategy manifests different function or purpose.
Pragmatics concepts such as implicature, Grice‟s Cooperative Principles and its four conversational maxims maxim of Quantity, Quality, Relation, and
Manner are applied in this study in order to analyze which conversational maxim is violated. Furthermore, humor theory is also applied to explore the humor
strategies done by the characters. Related to Wu and Chen‟s study, the present study‟s aim is also to
examine humorous situations in a situation comedy. It analyses how the humorous situations are created in such a way by violations and floutings of conversational
maxims of Cooperative Principle which are done by the characters. The present study applies humor theory suggested by Raskin and Attardo which is the same
humor theory applied by Wu and Chen in their study. Besides the similarity, there are differences between the two studies. The
first difference lies on the data source from which the data are taken. The data of Wu and Chen‟s study are taken from a situation comedy entitled Friends-Season
10. Meanwhile, the data of the present study are taken from a situation comedy entitled How I Met Your Mother season 2, episode 1 to 5. Second, on one hand,
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