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CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY
3. 1. Object of the Study
The work that will be analyzed here is Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. The original title is Die Verwandlung which is written in German. Kafka wrote
this story in the fall of 1912, the year he felt his creativity finally taking a definite form. He needed three weeks from November to December to finish this story.
The Metamorphosis was first published in 1915 by Kurt Wolf in forty two pages. Kafka’s friend Max Brod undertook the job of editing and distributing Kafka’s
work after his death defying Kafka’s wish that all of his writing be burned. The Metamorphosis is divided into three parts and talks about a man
named Gregore Samsa who finds himself turned into a gigantic insect one morning. Since he transforms into the insect, his life has changed. He cannot work
anymore and his family does not care for him even though they use him as the breadwinner of the family. He cannot make a harmonious relationship with his
family until he dies by suffering. The version used in this study is English version which is translated by Ian Johnston published by Tribeca Books, USA in 1999.
3. 2. Approach of the Study
According to Wilfred Guerin and friends in A Handbook of Critical Approach to Literature 1979, there are five theories of approaches to analyze a
literary work. They are historical-biographical, the moral-biographical, the formalistic, the psychological and the mythological approaches pp. 23-155.
21 In this study the writer uses the psychological approach. The psychological
approach is used in order to analyze the personalities of Gregor Samsa. Psychological approach used because it needs to find out the psychological
conflict in Gregor’s mind, the main character of the Metamorphosis. The theory of psychology assisted by theory of motivation is applied to analyze the true
meaning of The Metamorphosis as experienced by Gregor, the main character.
3. 3. Method of the Study
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