22 and suffering, Maguire refers to a painful experience that is not of one’s own
choosing, something that cuts athwart one’s plans and hopes, which he would avoid if at all possible. Tragedy is the hurting experience that he would do
anything to avoid 360. Leclereq, as cited in Maguire’s, says “suffering is never absolute, as long
as man is conscious of pursuing his end. If there is meaning that endures in spite of the suffering, then the tragic dimension will not blot out hope or stifle the
process of growth 361.. Tragedy is an opportunity and may be an opening to creativity. It is said that someone who has experienced great tragedy “he was
never the same after that.” Tragedy acquaints people with reality in a new way. It changes them. Perception, however, is conditioned by their state of being. They
are not the same after tragedy, nor do things appear to them afterward in the same light.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this study, there are two problems formulation. The first problem formulation is related to the characterization of Elijah in the story. In order to
answer that question, there will be some theories to use. There are some theories about character and characterization by Murphy and Little applied to support the
analysis. Next, the second problem formulation is related to the Christian values revealed in the story.
This problem will be answered by four theories, namely theory of love, faith, hope, and the positive value of tragedy. For the first value, I will use the
23 theory of love by Fromm to describe the love experience that Elijah has for the
widow of Akbar. Here, the theory about the erotic love and the elements of love will give the best support. Next, for the second value, I will use the theory of faith
by Fromm and Fowler. Using the theory by Fromm, I will try to reveal the rational faith and also love of God that Elijah experiences in his course of life.
Further, the three characteristics of faith proposed by Fowler will give much help in analyzing this second value.
The theory of hope by Lynch will be used to portray how Elijah still survives in the unavoidable events during his course of life in Akbar. Since the
course of Elijah’s life is inseparable from what so-called tragedy, I would like to reveal that actually tragedy brings about some positive values. Therefore, I would
combine the theory of hope with the theory of the positive value of tragedy by Maguire.
I determine to choose the moral-philosophical approach proposed by Guerin et al. This approach will also help me in analyzing the novel. In fact, this is
because Elijah as the main character in the story shares some beneficial moral teaching through his life experience. Last but not the least, those theories that are
synthesized above aim to provide the big contribution so as to give me knowledge and information required to conduct this study. They elaborate and strengthen this
study.
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This chapter elaborates three main sections. There are object of the study, approach of the study, and method and procedure of the study. Object of the study
describes the work to be studied with its physical description. Also, it mentions briefly what the work is generally about. Approach of the study presents the
approach employed in the analysis, its description, and the reasons for its selection. Method and procedure of the study describe the steps taken in analyzing
the work, from reading up to reporting the findings. Included are statements whether the study is a library research or field research.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is a novel entitled The Fifth Mountain written by a Brazilian author, Paulo Coelho. It was first published in 1996 with its Portuguese
title O Monte Cinco. In 1998, it was translated into English by Clifford E. Landers and published by HarperCollins Publisher, New York, United States of America.
This novel consists of 243 pages and is divided into 40 chapters. The story began in the year 870 B.C. and Elijah was in his early twenties
and fleeing for his life. His death was been ordered by Jezebel, wife of Israels King Ahab. Through an angel, God ordered Elijah to take refuge in Akbar. There,
Elijah met a widow, who offered him lodging with her and her young son. When the womans son died, the blame fell on Elijah, who was accused of having
