Theory of Characterization Review of Related Theories

22 unique and circumscribed, creating an additional of mind and character so unusual. The sources of Bushido are from the Buddhism and Shintoism 210. Both the sources are complementarily one to another. Buddhism teaches how to be calm and trust to the fate, submission, and life after death. Buddhism believes that every human being has their own “original sin”. In the other hand, Shinto teaches the patriotism and loyalty. Shinto believes in the goodness and purity of a human soul. Japanese combine the Buddhism and Shinto called Shinbutsu shugo shin = Shinto, butsu = Buddha, shugo = syncretism. There is dualism in Japan; they believe Shinto as secular life and Buddha as hereafter life. Those doctrines are well suited to the samurai who ruled the country. When feudalism came to Japan, naturally the professional class of warriors came into prominence. The professional class of warriors was well-known as samurai. A Japanese word Bu-ke or Bu-shi Fighting Knights was also adopted in common use. They were a privilege class, and they are made to fight. Those samurai must obey the norm of the Bushido which already been taught as their bases. According to Inozen Nitobe, there are seven principles of Bushido. The first is rectitude or justice, in Japan well-known as Gi. It defines as a power of resolution or the power of deciding to something upon a certain situation whether it is good or bad for her or him. According to Inozen Nitobe 220, Gi means The Right Reason. Rectitude is the bone that gives the firmness. 23 The second principle is courage or Yu. It means courage. It can be seen through the heroic stories for the children in Japan. It illustrates the courage of the warrior to fight until the last blood they had. To engraft the warriors boldness in a war or battle, heroic stories repeat all the time until the children already grown up. The third is benevolence toward humankind or Jin. It is a universal love. If rectitude and justice is more masculine, benevolence is more gentle and persuasive of a feminine nature. The fourth is politeness or Rei. This value is the most essential quality for the society. Politeness is well-known as one of Japanese trait. Politeness should be a sympathy feeling to others’ feelings. The value of this principles will lost the meaning if people hold it only because they are afraid to hurt others feeling. To hold this value, Japanese must perform it from their heart. The fifth is truthfulness or Makoto. It is taught to tell the truth in everything. Telling lies is unacceptable for Japanese. Moreover, it is like a coward. The promises that Japanese made has to be fulfilled although without a written pledge. The sixth is honor and glory or Meiyo. It is related to a personality and a good name – one’s reputation, the immortal part of one’s self, and what remains being bestial. It will become a big shame if someone cannot defend his or herself honor and glory. The last but not least is the duty of loyalty or Chugo. Bushido did not require their society to become a slave of a king. Someone who sacrifices his or