28 boundaries of the aspects and background of knowledge on the work to discuss.
The focus of this study is on the seven principles of Bushido given from the old Japanese culture and on the manifest of its meaning to Totto-chan.
This study applies two approaches. The first approach is socio-cultural- historical approach. This approach is used because it is closely related to the
Japanese society, culture, and history toward Totto-chan’s experiences on the World War II. The culture and history will influence the society in the way of
thinking about life including Totto-chan. The writer, Tetsuko Kuroyanagi, includes a piece of Japan situation at that time. By using the socio-cultural-
historical approach, I can analyze the culture and attitude Tetsuko Kuroyanagi’s Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window.
The second approach is the psychological approach. This approach is used to analyze the manifest the value of seven principles of Bushido toward main
character, Totto-chan. The manifest of those values can be seen through Totto- chan’s characters that show characters of self-actualized person.
3.3 Method of the Study
I used the library study to analyze Tetsuko Kuroyanagi’s Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window. The first thing I did in analyzing this novel was reading
the novel Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window to find the message of the novel. I used this novel as the primary source to find evidence for this study. From
the first time reading the novel, I was interested in the uniqueness of the school Tomoe Gakuen. Furthermore, it made me want to explore more and try to
29 understand the culture and history better. After reading for the second times, I
found the originality of Japanese culture toward the characters attitude. The main characters, Totto-chan, had a good relationship with the headmaster, Mr.
Kobayashi, who influenced her in many ways. Talking about Mr. Kobayashi, he was also a very unique person. The way he influenced his pupils was very careful
and easy to understand for the pupils. Using his words, he inspired his pupils’ to work hard, to have self confidence, to respect others, and to give love to others. I
wrote several important points. Afterwards, I analyzed the cultural attitudes toward Totto-chan from the author’s comments, characters’ dialogues, actions,
and manners to answer the problems in the problem formulation. Secondly, I tried to find some important theories to support my findings
about the culture toward the main character, Totto-chan, as a part of Japanese society. In this phase, I read some books and articles, especially, which had
connection with the problem of society, culture, history, and psychology. Those sources on literature were the secondary sources. All of the sources I read were
used to analyze the problems. Since this study talks about society, culture, history, and psychology, books which discuss on those topics became the main interest to
read. Those sources gave more information and guidance in understanding the novel. I browsed in the internet to find information related to my analysis.
The third phase was analyzing the novel. In this phase, I answered the problems in the problem formulation using the approaches and references, which
were related to the study.
30 The last step was making the conclusion of the study. I made conclusion of
the study after answering the questions in the problem formulation. The conclusion was the findings in the analysis and suggestion that was useful for the
readers to use parts of Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window as teaching learning materials for the second semester students of the English Language
Education Study Program.
