Background of the Study

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1.3 Problem Limitation

The limitation of this study is on how the seven principles appear in the novel and how the seven principles manifest their meaning to Totto-chan. For the second problem limitation, I will discuss the theory of human needs. I will focus only on the self-actualization as one of the needs in human needs theory. I also use the characteristics of self-actualized person to reveal the self-actualization of the main character. Self-actualization is the highest stage of the human needs by Abraham Maslow. I will discuss it further more on the chapter three.

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The first objective of this study is to find out how the seven principles of Bushido are revealed in the novel. The second objective is more specified, to find out how the seven principles of Bushido manifest their meanings to Totto-chan.

1.5 Benefits of the Study

There are some benefits can be obtained from this study, among others and for readers, PBI students who are interested in literary works, English teachers, and other researchers. By reading this study, readers can get better understanding about how other countries role their society to overcome the problems. The other benefit is for PBI students who are interested in Japanese literary works. This study is to help them in gathering the information with the same topic. For English teachers, reading this study helps them to make a material design in teaching reading comprehension about a culture that is implied from a novel. This novel 6 itself can give a good motivation to the teachers in teaching their pupils using interesting ways. Furthermore, it helps the teachers and the students to have good relationship at school to create a fun environment. This study also helps the other researchers to get more information about the novel.

1.6 Definition of Terms

In order to have a clear understanding of this study, I include the definition of terms used in this thesis. The Seven Principles of Bushido Taisen Deshimaru “The Zen Way to the Martial Arts” uses the Seven Principles of Bushido in the samurai era. All the samurais must hold those seven principles as their guidance. The seven principles are: a. Gi : the right decision, rectitude. b. Yu : bravery tinged with heroism. c. Jin : universal love, benevolence toward mankind, compassion. d. Rei : right action. e. Makoto: utter sincerity, truthfulness f. Meiyo : honor and glory g. Chugo : devotion, loyalty. The meaning of Bushido itself is: Bu -- martial arts; shi -- warrior; do -- the way. These principles already become Japanese life principles from generation to generation. Bushido has influenced Buddhism, and vise versa. The elements of Buddhism found in Bushido are pacification of the emotions, tranquil compliance 7 with the inevitable, self-control in the face of any event, a more intimate exploration of death than of life, and pure poverty http:www.shotokai.cominglesfilosofiaprinciples.html. Personality In Lester D. Crow and Alice Crow’s Reading In General Psychology 228- 231, psychology is often said as the study of human behavior and the progress of man’s self development. Human behavior and development are influenced by the environment and the potential that man have. That is why psychology can be said as the study of personality. In this book, the most famous work of personality is Sigmund Freud’s theory of personality. Freud states three elements, namely the id, the ego, and the superego, can affect human personality. Those three elements have their own function. The first component is the id. The id is that aspect of self that encourages the fulfillment of personal needs and urges, possibly through personally and socially harmful behavior 229. This component is the only one component that every human has since he or she is born. The second is the ego. The ego represents conscious states and acts 229. Human will have this ego if they are able to develop their id first. Id gives some impulses to ego so that a human being can act appropriately in society. This component deals with the reality. The third is the superego. The superego was one of personality trait that controls participation in selfish or self-centered activities 229. As the last component of personality, superego holds very important part. This component of personality 8 provides human being to be able to make judgment, build a sense of right or wrong. Since the id gives impulses to the ego then the superego acts what the ego has decided to act. Manifest Based on Oxford Dictionary, there are some meanings of manifest. The first is something clear and obvious. Second is to show something clearly. The third is to demonstrate something. The last is to show itself and to appear. In this study, manifest refers to the second meaning. Manifest is to show something clearly.