4.1.1 The Number of Female and Male Characters
The numbers of female and male characters for textual data derives from name and pronoun of both characters in written texts. On the other hand,
textbook‟s illustrations entailing female and male characters become a source for the pictorial data. Both data become bases to determine the numbers of female and
male characters in each textbook. In order to achieve effective results, the books under the same title will be
presented into one table and figure. Moreover, one title also represents the authors
‟s perspectives towards gender since one title is designed by the same authors. For that reason, English for Real Communication henceforth ERC
represents Book A and Book B. Then, English Hooray henceforth EH represents Book C and D.
The first table in the following demonstrates the number of female and male characters in ERC.
Table 4.2: The Number of Female and Male Characters in ERC Book
Unit Female
Male Total
Numbers Percentage Numbers Percentage A
1 76
45 93
55 169
5
33 44.6
41 55.4
74
10 94
48.7 99
51.3 193
Total A 203
46.6 233
53.4 436
B
2 78
59.1 54
40.9 132
7 72
65.5 38
34.5 110
12 45
54.9 37
45.1 82
Total B 195
60.2 129
39.8 324
Total ERC 398
52.4 362
47.6 760
Table 4.2 shows that the number of female and male characters in ERC almost seems equal in general. The difference was only 4.8 36 characters,
presenting that female characters had 398 occurrences and male characters had 362 occurrences. It can be stated that female characters often appeared than male
characters. However, it does not generalize the trend in each book, notably in each unit. Therefore, in order to discern an obvious comparison between both
characters, the percentages of both characters are depicted in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1: The Comparison of Female and Male Numbers in ERC
Table 4.2 and Figure 4.1 show that the number of male characters in Book A was higher than female‟s. Totally, the number of male characters was 203
46.6, while the number of female character was 233 53.4. The trend of female and male characters‟ numbers in Book A was slightly the same as the trend
occurring in each chapter see Appendix A, showing that the numbers of male characters were higher than female.
Figure 4.1 also shows that the difference between female and male characters in each unit was still tolerable. The biggest difference was only 10.8
8 characters, as seen in Unit 5. Totally, the difference between female and male characters in Book A was 6.8 30 characters.
The results in Book B are different from the results in Book A. In this book, the number of female characters was higher than the male
‟s. The total number of
45 44,6
48,7 46,6
59,1 65,5
54,9 60,2
52,4 55
55,4 51,3
53,4 40,9
34,5 45,1
39,8 47,6
10 20
30 40
50 60
70
Unit 1 Unit 5 Unit 10 Total A Unit 2 Unit 7 Unit 12 Total B Total ERC
Female Male
female characters reached 195 60.2, whereas the number of male characters touched 169 39.8. The difference was obvious, which was 20.4 26
characters. It was the same as in each unit. The smallest difference was 9.8 8 characters, emerged in Unit 12. Then, the biggest difference was 31 34
characters, occurred in Unit 7. Surprisingly, the number of female characters in Unit 7 was almost the double of male‟s number.
Generally, the data in Book A and Book B show that one character has higher number than another in each chapter and as a whole. Book A shows male
characters having higher numbers, meaning that male characters appear more than females. Since the differences are still tolerable, it means that female and male
occurrences upon name, pronoun, and picture are almost equal. Then, in Book B, the trend is the inverse of the trend in Book A, meaning that female characters
have higher numbers in each unit. However, the difference in Book B cannot be articulated the same as in Book A. Book B presents that the difference was
obvious, meaning that female characters appear frequently. EH also shows interesting results as well as ERC. Table 4.3 presents the
number of female and male characters in Book C and D or under the title EH.
Table 4.3: The Number of Female and Male Characters in EH Book
Unit Female
Male Total
Numbers Percentage Numbers Percentage C
1 76
43.4 99
56.6 175
4 104
51.7 97
48.3 201
Total C 180
47.9 196
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