CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Method
The are three kinds of research based on the location of the research i.e. library, laboratory, and field research Bungin, 2005: 40 - 41. In this thesis, the writer took field
research to collect the data and the writer also applied library research to obtain information to support the analysis. The method of the study that used is quantitative method. It meant
that quantitative research applies numbers from collecting the data, describing the data, until the result of research. The result of the test was described as they were in term of exiting
condition without any interference of the researcher. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa which is located on
Jl. Batang Kuis, psr VIII Tanjung Morawa. The subject of the research was the t
welfth graders of SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa
. They consist of seven classes that devided two programs. They are IPS and IPA program. The reason to choose SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa as
location of the research is in terms of accessible time and fund and the same research had never been conducted in there.
3.2 Population and Sample
The population of this research was the twelfth graders. They consist of seven classes that devided two programs. They are IPS and IPA program. IPA program which consist of
four classes III
1
, III
2
, III
3,
III
4
and IPS program consist of three classes III
1,
III
2
, III
3
. The total amount of the students were 259 as the population. “If the number of population are
more than one hundred, the sample can be taken 10-50, if they are less than 100 population, the researcher may take all the students as the sample” Arikunto, 2002: 108. It
was taken randomly from the attendace list in order to take data without caring about the
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students intelligence low or high and to final the average of the students’ ability. In sampling process, the student’s names from each class was written in peaces of paper and
rolled each peace of paper that put in a box, after that the box was shaken and then the roll each piece of paper was taken as much as the researcher need as sample namely 30 from
population in each class.
Table 1 The number of Population and Sample
No Class
Population Sample 30
1 XII. IA-1
30 9
2 XII. IA-2
35 11
3 XII. IA-3
35 11
4 XII. IA-4
37 11
5 XII. IS-1
40 12
6 XII. IS-2
41 12
7 XII. IS-3
41 12
Total 259
78
Based on the information from their English teacher, I know that they have learned about Past Tenses from the first semester at eleventh grade until first semester at twelve
grade. So I presume that they already have good basic about the structure of past tenses.
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The writer gave a test to collecting the data as the data collecting method. The writer asked the twelfth graders as the respondents who took part in the test to have a test which
contains 15 questions. The writer only gave 60 minutes for the students to answer the questions. Each correct answer was scored 1 and wrong answer was scored 0, so the highest
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score was 15. The items of the test were taken from book. The aim of this test was to analyze the student’s errors in using past tenses in the narrative text.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
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