4 Resolution: to show the problem is solved.
5 Re-orientation: it is optional.
2.2.4.4 Lexicogrammatical Features
Narrative text uses some lexicogrammatical features as the sign. The lexicogrammatical features used in narrative text are described by Gerot and
Wignell 1994: 208 as follows: 1
Focus on specific participants and individualised participants.
2 Use of Material, Behavioral, and Verbal Processes.
3 Use of Relational Proccesses and Mental Processes.
4 Use of temporal conjuctions and temporal
Circumtances. 5
Use of simple past tense.
2.2.5 Action Research
This part discusses the related theories. There are definition of action research, purposes of action research, and process of action research.
2.2.5.1 Definition of Action Research
Action research is one of research designs conducted in a classroom by researcher. Burns 2010: 2 states action research is the process of movement in learning that
the researcher as teacher and subject of research is students. Action research is used to know the increasing of learning process by applying some teaching
technique. Action research is done to see whether teaching techniques are effective to use for students in learning English or not.
According to Wallace 1998: 4 action research is the structured way to improve achievement with strategy of language teaching. This design practices in
classroom then analyze the data to get the progress of learning.
From those theories above, the researcher concludes that the action research is the strategy of teaching in English class to know the progress of the students.
The researcher should give the technique in the classroom action research. The researcher takes the accurate data every day then the researcher analyzes the data
to get the result of development.
2.2.5.2 Process of Action Research
Wallace 1998: 4 stated action research is the strategy to accelerate to enhance a kind of development, with special reference to language teaching. This is the way
for teacher to reflect and manage a classroom systematically to collect data on practice every day, so the researcher can analyze and get some decisions.
Furthermore, the teachers practice teaching methods to teach their students. They develop the cooperation between the teacher and the students to solve problem.
This reflection can also help the teacher improves the way of teaching. According to Burns 2010: 8 there are four steps in action research that
should be done by the researcher. The first step is planning. In this step, the researcher as a teacher should prepare materials she or he needs. Second step is
acting. The researcher does the teaching strategy that has been chosen. The third step is observing. After doing teaching strategy, the researcher collects the
information from the instruments that are used. The researcher observes students‟ attendance, students‟ enthusiasm, students‟ response and students‟ confidence.
The fourth step is reflecting. In this step, the researcher reflects what he or she has done in the previous steps whether there are any improvements of students‟
motivation in writing text or not.
The cycles of action research can be drawn like figure proposed by Kemmis and McTaggart 1998 as figure 2.3:
Figure 2.3 Cyclical Action Research Model Based on Kemmis and McTaggart 1998
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