CAR; it is purposeful to know students’ response about narrative text in learning Simple Past Tense.
6. Technique of Data Analysis
The writer uses the observation of teaching-learning activity and the interview before and after CAR in the analyzing of qualitative data. In the other
hand, the analysis quantitative data used is numerical data. In analyzing the numerical data, the writer used this formula:
3
_
X : mean
x : individual score n : number of students
Then, the writer tried to get the class percentages which passed the KKM 70 of English lesson at MTs. Al-Falah Jakarta. It is the formula:
4
P : the class percentage F : total percentage score
N: number of students
3
Sudjana, Metoda Statistik, Bandung: PT. Tarsito, 2002, p. 67
4
Anas Sudjiono, Pengantar Statistik Pendidikan, Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2008, p. 43
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To identifying improvem ent of students’ score from pretest up to posttest
score in cycle I and cycle II, by using the formula:
5
P : percentage of students’ improvement
y : pre-test result y1 : post-test 1
P
: percentage of students’ improvement y : pre-test result
y2 : post-test 2
7. Design of Classroom Action Research
According to Niff, “CAR encourages teacher to be reflective of his own practice in order enhance the quality of education for himself and his pupils.”
6
It means that CAR is one of researches that requires teacher to practice and give him
or her new opportunities to reflect on and asses their teaching. In this design classroom action research CAR, the writer used Kurt
Lewin s’ design, this concept consists of planning, acting, observing, and
5
David E. Meltzer, The Relationship between Mathematics Preparation and Conceptual Learning Gains in Physics: A Possible Hidden Variable in Diagnostic Pretest Scores, Iowa:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, 2008, p.3.
6
Jean Mc Niff, Action Research: Principles and Practice, New York: MacMillan Education Ltd., 2002, p. 1.
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