Kajian tekno ekonomi pendirian industri tepung ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L) melalui Participatory Action Research (PAR) di Desa Cikarawang Bogor
KAJIAN T E W O EKONONII
PENDIRIhY IBDUSTRJ TEPUMG UBI JALAR (Ipomoeo batatas L)
MELALUI PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA C I W W A N G BOGOR
Oleh
INDRA KUSSUMA
F34103025
2008
DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIhY
INSTITIIT PERTANIrbV BOGOR
BOGOR
lndra Kussuma. E21103025. Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Pendirian Lndustri
Tepung Ubi Jalar (Ipmoeo Boraros L) h4elalui Parricipfory Acrion Resemch
(PAR) di Desa C i h \ v a n g Bogor. Di bat\& bimbingan lra\\iadi Jamaran. 2008.
Berdasarkan data Bim Pusat Statistik (BPS) (2006). produksi ubi jalar di
Indonesia mengalami peningkam seiring dengan mulai dikembangkann)~
beha* produk olahan berbasts ubi jalar. Salah satu produk berbasis ubi jalar
adalah tepung ubi jalar. Pengolahan pasca panen ubi jalar menjadi tepung ubi
jalar dapat berperan sebagai bahan penganri tepung rerigu dan tepung be=.
Ubi jalar memiliki kandungan labohidrat yang lebih ting_ei m u n kadar
pmteinn)~a rendah. P e n ~ tepung
g
ubi jalar dalam adonan dapat
men@emat penggunaan @a seban)*ak 2 W . Pada produk pangan )mng
membutuhkan pengembanpn. pemanfaatan tepung ubi jalar masih
membutuhkan tepung pendamping.
lLlasyarakar desa Cikarawang Bogor kebanyakan menanam ubi jalar
sebagai pala\\+ jaqang diandalkan dalam kehidupan mereka. Sampai saat mi.
masyarakat hanya mampu menjualnya dalam bentuk ubt jalar mentah saja Data
Unit Pelaksana Telcnis Dinas (UPTD) Dannaga 2007 menunjukkan suaiu
peningkatan produkti\*itas ubt jalar di desa Cikara\\mg yaitu 19.6 t o h pada
iahun 2006 menjadi 20.18 tonlha pada iahun 2007. Dengan meningkam)*a
pengeiahuan mas)wakat mengenai isu penganekaragaman sumber bahan
pangan dan semakin meningkat pula kebutuhan ekonomi mas)&i
mas)qarakat menginginkan adanya pengolahan pasca panen terhadap ubi jalar
menjadi tepung ubi jalar.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui informasi tentang
ke1a)~akan aspek teknis teknologis dan kelayakan aspek finansial pendirian
induari tepung ubi jalar (Ipmoeo bororos L) di desa Cikara\\ang Bogor.
Penelitian ini juga bermjuan untuk memfasilitasi renusunnya perencanaan
kegiam mas)wakat secara partisipaiif (khususnya dalam pendirian usaha
tepung ubi jalar). sena memotivasi iimbuln!qa aksi bersama (colloborori~~e
ociion) dari ma~)~arakaruntuk mengatasi masalah yang mereka hadapi dan
selanjutnya dapat memperbaiki pelalrsanaan kegiatan ekonomi untuk
meninoJtatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan 1ingkungann)~a itu sendiri.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendebtan Riset Aksi Partisipatif (Parricipfory
Acrion Research) ) m g dilengkapi den?pendekam konvensional.
Pengembangan indunri tepung ubi jalar di Desa Cikarawang sangat
mencukupi dari se@ suppb bahan baku (ubi jalar). Pasar yang direncanakan
diraih oleh industri tepung di Cikarawang ini adalah indusm-industri pangan
yang ada di wilayah Bogor. Lokasi industri tepung ubi jalar terpilih dengan
kriteria penentu lokasi perusaham sang disepakari yaiiu bahan baku harga
lahan. modal dan fasilitas uansportasi. Luas tanah ) m g d i p e r l h untuk
industri tepung ubi jalar di C i h \ \ a n g adalah 200 m2 j a g terdiri dari ruang
KAJIAN TEIGVO EKONOhlI
PENDlRlAN INDUSTRl TEPUNC UBI JALAR (Ipomoeu bafafas L)
MELALUI PARTICIPATORY ACTIOIV RESEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA CIICUW\VAiG BOGOR
Oleh:
INDRA KUSSUlMA
F34103025
SKRIPSI
Sebagai Salah S ~ N
Syarat unNk iMendaparkan &lar
SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTAVIAii
pada Departernen Teknologi Indusui Penanian
Fakulras Teknologi Penanian
instirut Pertanian Bogor
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTA\W!V
INSTITLIT PERTAYIAY BOGOR
2008
INSTITUT PERTAiiIAii BOGOR
FAKULTAS TEKiiOLOGI PERTANIAN
KAJIAN TEK!VO EKOSOI\'Il
PENDIRIAii INDUSTRI TEPUSG UBI JALAR (Ipomoea bafafasL)
MELALUI PARTICIPA TORY ACTIOA1REiEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA CIKARAWANG BOGOR
SKRlF'SI
Sebagai Salah Saru S p a t unruk Memperoleh Gelar
SARJAiiA TEKh'OLOGI P E R T A i i h i
pada Depanemen Teknologi lndusui Penanian
Fakulras Teknologi Penanian
Instirut Penanian Bogor
Oleh:
INDRA K U ~ S U M A
F34 103025
Dilahikan pada tangal I3 Juli 1985
di Subang
Tangal lulus:
2008
lndra Kussuma. F34103025. Techno Economic Study of
Swwret Potato
(Ipomoeo bo~ofos
L) Industry Desigking by using Participator). Action Research
(PAR) in Cikarawang Bogor village. Under the guidance of lrawadi Jamaran
200s.
Based on Statistic Bureau Center (BPS) data (2006), the sweet potato
production in Indonesia increase along with the beginning of various sweet potato
based products development. One of the product is swvret potato flour. The ponh a n t e s r processing of swvet potato to be sweet potato flour can be a subtimtion for
wheat flour and rice powder. Swvwt potato has higher carbohydm content
however its protein is lowver. The use of sweet potato flour in cake can save sugar
using for 20°%. For food product which need swvelling: the use of s\rwt pornto
flour still need another flour addition.
The people of Cikarawwang Bogor Village mostly plant sweet porato as
secondary plant they relied on. However till now\.: people can only sell it as raw
swwret potato. Technical Senrice Unit (UPTD) Darmaga 2007 data showvs the
increasing of swwTeetpotato productivity of 19.6 tonsha in 2003 to 20,1S tonsha in
2007. \\iith the adw~anceof peoples knowledge on food diversion issue and the
increase of their needs, people w a n t to have the post-hancest process for sweet
potato to IXsweet potato flow.
The aim of this study were to find the informations about technic
technologic and financial aspect feasibility for swwreetporato (Ipomoeobo101os L)
industry desi-ging in Cikarawvang. This nudy were also aimed to facilitate the
activity arrangement participativel)~(specially for desi-ging of swwret potato
industry), and also motivated the rise of collaborative action from people to solve
their problems so they could improve economic activity implementation to
increase their prosperity and environment itself. This study used Panisiparory
Action Research (PAR) approach \which w w n s completed with conventional
approach.
The development of s\v.eet potato industry in Cikarawvmg sufficient from
raw material supply (sweet potato). h4arket that planed to be gained by flour
industry in Cikarawrang were food indusuies located in Bogor area. The location
of sweet wtato indusw w a s chosen bv selected criterias that were raw material.
land
capital and &porntion. ~ w e e potato
t
industry in Cikarawwang needed
200 m2 for production room, office. product storehouse. raw\$material storehouse,
!%el and ww~rksho~
tools storehouse. \barer pump room. garbage can. parkin,0 area
and road.
The industry ownership status that planned w w w i owvned by the farmer
p u p with small scale business cooperation system. The industry operation done
by cornmine that was Hurip farmer _mup with trained worked skills.
The production capaciry that planned based on Participatory Action
Research \\*as 1000 kg. per month. From this monlNy capacity and financial
asumptions that chosen this sweet potato industry \\.as not feasible according to
financial analysis. It is because the intiasbucture that used w w n s not comparable
with the selling. \\%ere on this sweet potato industry desi-ping rhe used
production capacity refered to market share that wanted to be gained. Market
share h a t \\-as too small implicated the industry production rate. The production
raising to industry optimum rate \\-as able to become the sysem comction
alternative h a t aimed to the feasibility of sweet potato industry financially.
The production opumalization scenario (from 1000 k@month to
8000kzAmonth) that given by the researcher showwd that new scenario could
make the sweet potato industry feasible financially. Sensivity test that done on
those asumprions \\.ere sold product changing. raw\. material price changing (sww-eet
potato. Na-metabisulfite and packaging) and sweet potato flour price changing.
The alteraion h a t done significantly influenced the industry feasibility very
much. from the third alteration h a t done. the sold product percentage changing
had the most influencing sensiti\rity value for the swrret poraro industry feasibility.
PENDIRIhY IBDUSTRJ TEPUMG UBI JALAR (Ipomoeo batatas L)
MELALUI PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA C I W W A N G BOGOR
Oleh
INDRA KUSSUMA
F34103025
2008
DEPARTEMEN TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTANIhY
INSTITIIT PERTANIrbV BOGOR
BOGOR
lndra Kussuma. E21103025. Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Pendirian Lndustri
Tepung Ubi Jalar (Ipmoeo Boraros L) h4elalui Parricipfory Acrion Resemch
(PAR) di Desa C i h \ v a n g Bogor. Di bat\& bimbingan lra\\iadi Jamaran. 2008.
Berdasarkan data Bim Pusat Statistik (BPS) (2006). produksi ubi jalar di
Indonesia mengalami peningkam seiring dengan mulai dikembangkann)~
beha* produk olahan berbasts ubi jalar. Salah satu produk berbasis ubi jalar
adalah tepung ubi jalar. Pengolahan pasca panen ubi jalar menjadi tepung ubi
jalar dapat berperan sebagai bahan penganri tepung rerigu dan tepung be=.
Ubi jalar memiliki kandungan labohidrat yang lebih ting_ei m u n kadar
pmteinn)~a rendah. P e n ~ tepung
g
ubi jalar dalam adonan dapat
men@emat penggunaan @a seban)*ak 2 W . Pada produk pangan )mng
membutuhkan pengembanpn. pemanfaatan tepung ubi jalar masih
membutuhkan tepung pendamping.
lLlasyarakar desa Cikarawang Bogor kebanyakan menanam ubi jalar
sebagai pala\\+ jaqang diandalkan dalam kehidupan mereka. Sampai saat mi.
masyarakat hanya mampu menjualnya dalam bentuk ubt jalar mentah saja Data
Unit Pelaksana Telcnis Dinas (UPTD) Dannaga 2007 menunjukkan suaiu
peningkatan produkti\*itas ubt jalar di desa Cikara\\mg yaitu 19.6 t o h pada
iahun 2006 menjadi 20.18 tonlha pada iahun 2007. Dengan meningkam)*a
pengeiahuan mas)wakat mengenai isu penganekaragaman sumber bahan
pangan dan semakin meningkat pula kebutuhan ekonomi mas)&i
mas)qarakat menginginkan adanya pengolahan pasca panen terhadap ubi jalar
menjadi tepung ubi jalar.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui informasi tentang
ke1a)~akan aspek teknis teknologis dan kelayakan aspek finansial pendirian
induari tepung ubi jalar (Ipmoeo bororos L) di desa Cikara\\ang Bogor.
Penelitian ini juga bermjuan untuk memfasilitasi renusunnya perencanaan
kegiam mas)wakat secara partisipaiif (khususnya dalam pendirian usaha
tepung ubi jalar). sena memotivasi iimbuln!qa aksi bersama (colloborori~~e
ociion) dari ma~)~arakaruntuk mengatasi masalah yang mereka hadapi dan
selanjutnya dapat memperbaiki pelalrsanaan kegiatan ekonomi untuk
meninoJtatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan 1ingkungann)~a itu sendiri.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendebtan Riset Aksi Partisipatif (Parricipfory
Acrion Research) ) m g dilengkapi den?pendekam konvensional.
Pengembangan indunri tepung ubi jalar di Desa Cikarawang sangat
mencukupi dari se@ suppb bahan baku (ubi jalar). Pasar yang direncanakan
diraih oleh industri tepung di Cikarawang ini adalah indusm-industri pangan
yang ada di wilayah Bogor. Lokasi industri tepung ubi jalar terpilih dengan
kriteria penentu lokasi perusaham sang disepakari yaiiu bahan baku harga
lahan. modal dan fasilitas uansportasi. Luas tanah ) m g d i p e r l h untuk
industri tepung ubi jalar di C i h \ \ a n g adalah 200 m2 j a g terdiri dari ruang
KAJIAN TEIGVO EKONOhlI
PENDlRlAN INDUSTRl TEPUNC UBI JALAR (Ipomoeu bafafas L)
MELALUI PARTICIPATORY ACTIOIV RESEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA CIICUW\VAiG BOGOR
Oleh:
INDRA KUSSUlMA
F34103025
SKRIPSI
Sebagai Salah S ~ N
Syarat unNk iMendaparkan &lar
SARJANA TEKNOLOGI PERTAVIAii
pada Departernen Teknologi Indusui Penanian
Fakulras Teknologi Penanian
instirut Pertanian Bogor
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI PERTA\W!V
INSTITLIT PERTAYIAY BOGOR
2008
INSTITUT PERTAiiIAii BOGOR
FAKULTAS TEKiiOLOGI PERTANIAN
KAJIAN TEK!VO EKOSOI\'Il
PENDIRIAii INDUSTRI TEPUSG UBI JALAR (Ipomoea bafafasL)
MELALUI PARTICIPA TORY ACTIOA1REiEARCH (PAR)
DI DESA CIKARAWANG BOGOR
SKRlF'SI
Sebagai Salah Saru S p a t unruk Memperoleh Gelar
SARJAiiA TEKh'OLOGI P E R T A i i h i
pada Depanemen Teknologi lndusui Penanian
Fakulras Teknologi Penanian
Instirut Penanian Bogor
Oleh:
INDRA K U ~ S U M A
F34 103025
Dilahikan pada tangal I3 Juli 1985
di Subang
Tangal lulus:
2008
lndra Kussuma. F34103025. Techno Economic Study of
Swwret Potato
(Ipomoeo bo~ofos
L) Industry Desigking by using Participator). Action Research
(PAR) in Cikarawang Bogor village. Under the guidance of lrawadi Jamaran
200s.
Based on Statistic Bureau Center (BPS) data (2006), the sweet potato
production in Indonesia increase along with the beginning of various sweet potato
based products development. One of the product is swvret potato flour. The ponh a n t e s r processing of swvet potato to be sweet potato flour can be a subtimtion for
wheat flour and rice powder. Swvwt potato has higher carbohydm content
however its protein is lowver. The use of sweet potato flour in cake can save sugar
using for 20°%. For food product which need swvelling: the use of s\rwt pornto
flour still need another flour addition.
The people of Cikarawwang Bogor Village mostly plant sweet porato as
secondary plant they relied on. However till now\.: people can only sell it as raw
swwret potato. Technical Senrice Unit (UPTD) Darmaga 2007 data showvs the
increasing of swwTeetpotato productivity of 19.6 tonsha in 2003 to 20,1S tonsha in
2007. \\iith the adw~anceof peoples knowledge on food diversion issue and the
increase of their needs, people w a n t to have the post-hancest process for sweet
potato to IXsweet potato flow.
The aim of this study were to find the informations about technic
technologic and financial aspect feasibility for swwreetporato (Ipomoeobo101os L)
industry desi-ging in Cikarawvang. This nudy were also aimed to facilitate the
activity arrangement participativel)~(specially for desi-ging of swwret potato
industry), and also motivated the rise of collaborative action from people to solve
their problems so they could improve economic activity implementation to
increase their prosperity and environment itself. This study used Panisiparory
Action Research (PAR) approach \which w w n s completed with conventional
approach.
The development of s\v.eet potato industry in Cikarawvmg sufficient from
raw material supply (sweet potato). h4arket that planed to be gained by flour
industry in Cikarawrang were food indusuies located in Bogor area. The location
of sweet wtato indusw w a s chosen bv selected criterias that were raw material.
land
capital and &porntion. ~ w e e potato
t
industry in Cikarawwang needed
200 m2 for production room, office. product storehouse. raw\$material storehouse,
!%el and ww~rksho~
tools storehouse. \barer pump room. garbage can. parkin,0 area
and road.
The industry ownership status that planned w w w i owvned by the farmer
p u p with small scale business cooperation system. The industry operation done
by cornmine that was Hurip farmer _mup with trained worked skills.
The production capaciry that planned based on Participatory Action
Research \\*as 1000 kg. per month. From this monlNy capacity and financial
asumptions that chosen this sweet potato industry \\.as not feasible according to
financial analysis. It is because the intiasbucture that used w w n s not comparable
with the selling. \\%ere on this sweet potato industry desi-ping rhe used
production capacity refered to market share that wanted to be gained. Market
share h a t \\-as too small implicated the industry production rate. The production
raising to industry optimum rate \\-as able to become the sysem comction
alternative h a t aimed to the feasibility of sweet potato industry financially.
The production opumalization scenario (from 1000 k@month to
8000kzAmonth) that given by the researcher showwd that new scenario could
make the sweet potato industry feasible financially. Sensivity test that done on
those asumprions \\.ere sold product changing. raw\. material price changing (sww-eet
potato. Na-metabisulfite and packaging) and sweet potato flour price changing.
The alteraion h a t done significantly influenced the industry feasibility very
much. from the third alteration h a t done. the sold product percentage changing
had the most influencing sensiti\rity value for the swrret poraro industry feasibility.