The Interpretation of the Use of Address Forms and the Reason of the Use

B. The Interpretation of the Use of Address Forms and the Reason of the Use

of Address Forms in the Film Entitled Crash.

The type of address used by the characters determines the participant’s social status background and the relationship between the participants. The sub chapter analyzes the data by determining the use of each address form used by the characters in the film through style of speech that differentiates the type of addresses in the film. Since there are so many data and the similarities among the data, the researcher only takes one or two data to be analyzed as the representation of the other similar data.

1. Title

There are twelve data containing Title address form that can be found in the movie. They are: C/01/T, C/02/T, C/03/T, C/04/T, C/05/T, C/06/T, C/07/T, and C/08/T, C/09/T, C/10/T, C/11/T and C/12/T.

There are some data with similar characteristics, for example the data with code numbers C/01/T, C/02/T, C/04/T, C/05/T, C/06/T and C/11/T. The addresses used in the data above are to show formality. Meanwhile the data with code numbers C/03/T, C/07/T, C/08/T, C/09/T, C/10/T and C/12/T are used to show respect. Since there are similarities among the data, the researcher only takes two data as the representation of the other similar data.

1.1. Formality

Formality is a formal procedure in a particular social situation. In this film, there are six data containing Title address form that is influenced by formality aspect. They are data with code numbers C/01/T, C/02/T, C/04/T, C/05/T, C/06/T and C/11/T. Since there are some characteristics among the data, the researcher only takes two data as the representation the other similar data. Thus, the data with code numbers C/01/T and C/04/T are presented to give clear description as follow:

C/01/T

a. Data Description The dialog takes place in Fairfax Avenue. The participants involved are a motorcycle cop, Ria and Kim Lee. The motorcycle cop is a black man. Ria is a a. Data Description The dialog takes place in Fairfax Avenue. The participants involved are a motorcycle cop, Ria and Kim Lee. The motorcycle cop is a black man. Ria is a

b. Dialog Motorcycle cop: Calm down, ma'am.

Kim Lee : I am calm! Motorcycle cop: I need to see your registration and insurance. Kim Lee

: Why? It's not my fault! It's her fault! She do this!

Ria : (approaching) My fault? Motorcycle cop: Ma'am, you really need to wait in your vehicle.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in a formal way. The address form that exists in the dialog is Title address form ‘Ma’am’. The address form Title ‘Ma’am’ is uttered by Motorcycle cop toward the women. In this dialog, the Motorcycle cop tries to calm down the two women who involve in a quarrel. He uses a kind of the address term, namely Title “Ma’am”. The participants do not know each other before. Thus, they have a distant relationship. Kim Lee judges Ria to become the guilty person who makes crash happen. On the other hand, Ria has the opposite opinion that the accident is not caused by Ria. She only followed the direction when she saw many cars stopped in front of her car, she stopped directly.

The motorcycle cop gets difficulties to calm the two women. He tries to behave explicitly but still respectfully to them. He uses the kind of address namely Title “ma’am”. He utters it in a respectful and explicit tone of voice, but he looks

He uses this kind of address form since he does not know the addressee’s name. Since they are in a formal situation, the motorcycle cop uses the formal type of address that is Title ‘Ma’am’. The address form above is in the dimension of formality scale. The condition above shows that the relationship between them is equal since the conversation happens in formal situation where the participants do not know each other’s name. Thus, the address is used to show formality since the motorcycle cop is still in his duty to handle his accidents. It is also done since

he wants to interrupt the two women who involve in a quarrel.

C/04/T

a. Data description The dialog occurs on the street. The participants involved are Officer Ryan and Christine Thayer. Officer Ryan and his partner are on their duty looking for a stolen car. Ryan stops a car which has the same characteristics with the stolen car. In fact, it is not the stolen car. However, Ryan is still enthusiastic to investigate that car since he sees the passenger doing something with the driver. Ryan finds two people in the car. They are Cameron and his wife, Christine. The conversation is done in order to interrogate two suspected people who have done something wrong in their car.

b. Dialog Christine

: How are you tonight, Officer? Ryan

: Excellent.

c. Data interpretation The dialog runs in a formal way. The policemen interrogates two people c. Data interpretation The dialog runs in a formal way. The policemen interrogates two people

he is drunk or not. In fact, Christine (Cameron’s wife) is annoyed since she gets bad treatment from Ryan. The address used in the dialog is Title address form namely ‘Officer’. The address is used by Christine toward Ryan. Christine addresses Ryan using Title ‘Officer’ in the beginning of dialog. She addresses him in usual tone of voice. She smiles to Ryan and shows a happy expression meaning she is happy and relaxed. It is done in order to show formality. Officer is a formal address used to address cop in America. The reason of the use of address term ‘Officer’ is to show formality because the dialog runs in a formal way.

1.2. Respect

Respect is a feeling or attitude of admiration and deference toward somebody or something. Respect becomes a reason of the use of address form if the address is used by subordinate toward superior, worker toward her boss, low class toward higher class, etc. In this film, there are six data containing Title address form in which the address form is used because of respect. They are data with code numbers: C/03/T, C/07/T, C/08/T, C/09/T, C/10/T and C/12/T. There is an extraordinary use of address term Title. It can be seen in the datum C/12/T. In this datum, Title address form is used to show respect and feeling. The researcher only takes two data containing this address as the representation of the similar data. They are data with code numbers C/10/T and C/12/T.

C/10/T

a. Data Description The dialog happens in Jean’s house. Jean is a district attorney’s wife, while Maria is her maid. Jean is a white woman and Maria is a Hispanic woman. Jean looks angry because she finds many dishes in her custom cabinet dishwasher. She wants all dishes put in the cabinet.

b. Dialog Jean : Are these clean or dirty?

Maria : All clean, senora!

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens in the house. Jean looks angry since she finds her dishes not in its place. She asks Maria as her house maid whether the dishes are clean or not. Maria says that all of them are clean. Jean wants Maria to put all of the dishes in the cabinet so that when she wakes up in the morning she can easily finds the dishes in its place.

The participants in the dialog have known each other. It is proved that Jean calls her maid’s name. The address used by Maria toward Jean is Title ‘senora’. ‘Senora’ is a Spanish Title form of address which is used to call a married woman. In English, it is similar to ‘Mrs’ or ‘Madam’. Maria uses Title ‘Senora’ since she is a Hispanic woman. Hispanic is an American citizen of Spanish or Latin American descent. Since she is a Hispanic woman, her life is influenced by Spanish culture, for example in addressing the other person, she uses ‘Senora’ that is one of a Spanish form of address.

The form of address Title ‘Senora’ is used by Maria since Jean is her boss. Jean is a married woman. She uses the kind of address Title ‘Senora’ in order to respect Jean as her boss. It can be seen through the utterance. Maria utters it in a polite and respectful tone. She looks serious when she utters it because she knows that Jean looks angry toward her. The relationship between participants is unequal. Maria addresses Jean with Title ‘Senora’ and receives First Name from Jean. It can be said that Maria has lower status than Jean. Therefore, she respects Jean by addressing her with Title ‘Senora’.

C/12/T

a. Data Description The conversation happens in a car that is upside down on the street because of an accident. The participants involved are Ryan and Christine. Ryan is

a white policeman, while Christine is a black woman who had ever molested by Ryan. Christine is shocked but then she is so angry to Ryan because of his bad treatment to her before. Christine screams and shouts to Ryan not to touch her. Meanwhile, Ryan wants to help her because she is in a danger. If they do not get out of the car immediately, they can die. Finally, Christine let Ryan to help her. The dialog runs in order to save Christine’s life.

b. Dialog Christine

: Get away from me! Get away. Stay away from me! Not you! Not you!

Ryan : It's okay. Christine

: Don't touch me! Don't touch me! Keep away from me! Ryan

: Lady, I'm tryin'... I'm tryin' to help you. Christine

: Fuck you! Not you! Somebody! Anybody else! Please,

Christine : No! Get your filthy fucking hands off me! Ryan

: (screams in her face) stop moving. Lady, I'm not gonna fucking hurt you! Okay. Okay.

Christine : Please don't touch me. Don't, don't. Ryan

: (quietly, kindly) I'm not gonna touch you. But there's nobody else here yet and that's gasoline there. We need to get you outta here right away. Okay?

Christine : Oh, my... Oh, my... Oh, my... Oh, my God. Ryan

: Okay. I need to reach across your lap. Can I do that, please? Christine

: Yeah. Yeah. Ryan

: Thanks.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog occurs in a car that is upside down in the middle of street. Ryan tries to save a woman who is trapped in the car. In fact, the woman that he wants to help is Christine, a woman that he had molested in previous day. Knowing the person who will help her is Ryan, Christine screams hysterically to Ryan. Christine is angry toward Ryan because of his bad treatment. Christine has trauma about Ryan so she does not want to be touched by Ryan. Ryan, who ignores what Christine says, still tries to help her. On the other hand, Christine becomes more hysterical toward Ryan existence. Ryan, who later realizes what actually happen to her, tries to calm down her and explain what will happen to them if they do not get out of the car immediately. Finally, Christine listens what Ryan says. Then she lets Ryan help her.

There is a kind of address namely Title ‘Lady’ that can be found in the dialog above. However, there is a different use of the address above. The first address form ‘Lady’ is used because Ryan wants to show his respect toward Christine. Meanwhile, Ryan addresses Christine for the second time using ‘Lady’

In America, ‘Lady’ is used to call a woman who has higher status or to call

a woman in a polite way. It is used to show respect. In the dialog above, Christine becomes mad when knowing that the man who helps her is Ryan. Ryan realizes that Christine is the woman who he molested last night. Thus, he tries to behave politely in order to help Christine. He uses Title address form ‘Lady’ because he wants to show his admiration toward her in order to make her calm down. It is proved by the way he addresses Christine. He utters the address in low tone of voice politely and painstakingly. Ryan tries to behave politely in order to make Christine believe that he only wants to help Christine.

However, when Christine becomes more hysterical and shows defiant attitude toward Ryan, emotion takes over Ryan. He addresses Christine with ‘Lady’ in high tone of voice and facial expression of annoyance. Ryan is annoyed by Christine’s attitude. He gets difficulties in stopping Christine’s scream. Thus, the reason of the use of this address form is to show Ryan’s feeling of annoyance. Since he does not know Christine’s name, he addresses her with Title ‘Lady’. In this case, Ryan uses this kind of address in order to show his feeling of annoyance.

2. Title Last Name

There are four data containing Title address form that can be found in the movie. They are: C/01/TLN, C/02/TLN, C/03/TLN, and C/04/TLN. The address form in data with code numbers C/01/TLN, C/02/TLN and C/03/TLN are used to There are four data containing Title address form that can be found in the movie. They are: C/01/TLN, C/02/TLN, C/03/TLN, and C/04/TLN. The address form in data with code numbers C/01/TLN, C/02/TLN and C/03/TLN are used to

2.1. Formality

Formality is the condition of being normal or the degree to which something is formal. Title Last Name is one of formal address in America. There are three data containing Title Last Name address forms which are used because of formality. They are data with code numbers C/01/TLN, C/02/TLN and C/03/TLN. The researcher only takes two data to be analyzed.

C/01/TLN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in the Shaniqua’s office. The participants involved in the dialog are Shaniqua Johnson and John Ryan. Shaniqua is a black administrator and Ryan is a white policeman. Shaniqua introduces herself to Ryan since they have not met each other before. However, they had been involved in a conversation through the phone in the night before. Thus, they continue the conversation happened before on the telephone. Ryan asks for apologize to Shaniqua since he had said a bad word to Shaniqua. The conversation runs in a formal situation.

b. Dialog Shaniqua : Mr. Ryan, My name is Shaniqua Johnson. I believe we spoke last

night. Ryan : Oh, yeah. I wanted to apologize about that. I haven’t been getting’ too much sleep. My father’s in a lot of pain. Shaniqua : Oh! I'm sorry to hear that.

c. Data Interpretation The participants involved actually have never seen each other before, but they had talked each other via telephone. Thus, after they meet, they directly continue their conversation. Shaniqua greets Ryan and then introduces herself to Ryan. Ryan asks for apology since he has made a mistake to Shaniqua.

The setting of the dialog brings the conversation run in a formal situation. It is their first meeting, but they had a conversation before through a telephone. They have an unsolved problem when they had a conversation before through the phone. Nevertheless, Shaniqua addresses Ryan politely by using Title plus Last Name “Mr. Ryan”. Ryan’s complete name is John Ryan. Thus, when Shaniqua addresses Ryan with “Mr. Ryan”, it belongs to the kind of address namely Title plus Last Name. The reason of the use of the address above is to greet the addressee. Shaniqua greets his guest politely with a polite tone and polite manner showing that she is pleased with Ryan’s coming. It can be seen from her act toward Ryan in which she gives her hand to shake Ryan’s hand. From the dialog, it can be seen that the participants have a distant relationship. In other words, their relationship is not intimate. It is proved by the language used and the way they talk to each other. The language used by the participants is a formal language. The way they talk to each other shows that they are not intimate. Title Last Name is known as one of the formal addresses in America. Thus, the address is also done by Shaniqua in order to show formality since the dialog runs in a formal situation.

C/03/TLN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in a cul-de-sac. The conversation occurs between Hansen and Officer Hills. They have stopped a car driven by Cameron. Realizing the driver is Cameron, a person who had been embarrassed by Hansen’s partner. Hansen wants to help Cameron, but Cameron refuses it by mocking the policeman. It leads to the serious situation that makes Officer Hills order Hansen to step away from Cameron. In fact, Hansen explains that Cameron is his friend. The conversation above gives the information about who Cameron is.

b. Dialog Officer Hill : Officer Hanson, step away.

Hansen : He's a friend of mine, okay? He's a fucking friend! This man is not armed! He's not gonna shoot you, me, or anybody else, all right? So give me two goddamn seconds. Can you do that? Lower your firearm. Lower your firearm!

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens between the policemen when they are on their duty. The dialog happens in a tense situation in which the participants involved have a serious quarrel. The policemen are ready to shoot a man who is presumed to be a dangerous man (since he makes a threatening gesture). Suddenly, one of the policemen, Hansen, admits that he knows the man. Hansen tries to talk to the man, but the man still shows a threatening gesture. For that reason, Officer Hill as his colleague addresses Hansen and says to step away from the man. In fact, Hansen says that he knows the man and asks for a minute to talk to the man.

The addressee’s complete name in this dialog is Tom Hansen. Officer Hill addresses Hansen with Title Last Name ‘Officer Hansen’. It is done by Hill because he wants to show formality toward Hansen. It can be seen when the dialog happens, they are still on their duty as the policemen in LA. Title Last Name is known as one of a formal address in America. Even, TLN is usually used by policeman toward their partner when they are still on their duty (in the work time). It can be said that each policeman has known each other, but in the formal time when they works, they have to use this kind of address by using Title adding with their Last Name. In this case, Hill has known Hansen since Hansen is his colleague in the police department. Moreover, they are still on their duty.

The dialog happens in a tense situation. It can be proved from the participant’s manner. The policemen are ready to shoot the man who makes a threatening gesture. Officer Hills wants to warn Hansen that he can be in a dangerous situation since he talks to the person who perhaps endangers them. Although the dialog happens in a tense situation, but Officer Hills still uses Title Last Name to address Hansen. It is done by Hills since he wants to show formality (They are still on their duty). It can be seen from Hill’s utterance. He utters it in a high and serious tone of voice. He also shows serious manner in which he is ready to shoot the man if the man shows a dangerous behavior. This address also belongs to a warning since the addresser wants to warn the addressee that he is in

a danger. Thus, the reason of the use the address is to show formality and to warn the addressee.

2.2. Power

Power is the ability or opportunity of a person to control over the others. In the film, the researcher only finds a datum containing Title Last Name which is used because of power. It is in the datum C/04/TLN.

C/04/TLN

a. Data description The dialog occurs on the street. The participants involved are Officer Ryan, Cameron Thayer and Christine Thayer. Officer Ryan and his partner are on the duty looking for a stolen car. Ryan stops a car which has the same characteristic with the stolen car. In fact, it is not the stolen car, but Ryan is still enthusiastic to investigate that car. Ryan finds two people in the car that is Cameron and his wife, Christine. The conversation is done in order to interrogate the people in the car and to test whether the driver is drunk or not.

b. Dialog (But Ryan is nowhere near finished. Ryan squats and runs his hands down to her

ankles….) Ryan

: What do you think we should do about this, Mr. Thayer? My partner and I just witnessed your wife performing fellatio on you while you were operating a motor vehicle.

(Now his hands start up the inside of her calves. Hansen looks away, knowing this is bullshit.) Cameron: (watching Ryan without saying anything)

c. Data Interpretation In this data, the analysis will be focused on the kind of address namely Title Last Name ‘Mr. Thayer’. Ryan addresses Cameron Thayer with Title Last name ‘Mr. Thayer’. He utters it in a normal tone of voice. In this case, the reason

the addressee. Ryan wants to tease Cameron and his wife. It can be seen from his manner when he utters the address. He shows a humiliating manner. Ryan humiliates Cameron by molesting Cameron’s wife in front of Cameron himself. Ryan is a white man while Cameron and his wife are blacks. He is a white policeman (he is a racist). He thinks that he has power over black, so he can do everything toward blacks including molesting a black woman in front of her husband. It can be seen that Cameron cannot do anything to help his wife. He can only watch his wife molested by a white man. It can be said that Cameron does not have power at all. Ryan and Cameron actually have the same status in this conversation. However, through the conversation, Ryan shows a manner showing that his status is higher then Cameron since he thinks that Cameron has made a mistake (doing fellatio on the public).

Their relationship is distant since they just met in that occasion. The address is used by Ryan because he wants to show power and to underestimate the addressee. It is proved by Ryan’s manner in which he shows a humiliating manner toward the addressee.

3. Title Plus First Name

There are two data containing Title plus First Name address form that can

be found in the film. They are the data with code numbers C/01/T+FN and C/02/T+FN. Both of them are used to show respect. The analysis of Title plus First Name are as follow:

C/01/T+FN

a. Data description The dialog occurs between Maria, Jean and Rick. Rick is talking to Jean when Maria interrupts them. Maria asks for permission to go home after she finishes her works. Jean looks annoyed since she had been pointed a gun by two robbers. The end of the dialog can be seen that is asking for permission.

b. Dialog Maria : I'm sorry, Miss Jean. Is okay I go home now?

Rick : It's fine. Thank you very much for staying. Maria : You're welcome. No problem. Good night, Miss Jean. Jean : Good night.

c. Data interpretation The dialog happens in the hall of the kitchen. The conversation runs in an informal way. Maria comes to Jean to ask for permission. Meanwhile, Jean talks to Rick. When Maria comes, Jean turns away. It indicates that Jean does not like Maria. She is a racist since Maria is a Hispanic woman.

The address that is used by Maria is ‘Miss Jean’. The address form above belongs to kind of address form namely Title plus First Name since the addressee’s complete name is Jean Cabot. The address form ‘Miss’ is usually used to address a young woman or unmarried woman. In fact, Jean has married and has

a son. Maria addresses Jean using the address ‘Miss Jean’ since she knows that Jean’s age is still young (younger than her). The address is done since Maria wants to respect Jean as her young boss. It can be seen from the utterance in which she utters it in polite and respectful tone of voice. Although Maria knows a son. Maria addresses Jean using the address ‘Miss Jean’ since she knows that Jean’s age is still young (younger than her). The address is done since Maria wants to respect Jean as her young boss. It can be seen from the utterance in which she utters it in polite and respectful tone of voice. Although Maria knows

C/02/T+FN

a. Data description The conversation happens between Jean Cabot and Maria in Jean’s house. Maria is Jean’s maid. She is a Hispanic woman, while Jean is a white woman. Jean lay down on the bed. Maria comes bringing a cup of coffee. She looks so sad and suffered since she has felt on the stairs. She realizes that Maria is her best friend. When she got an accident, Maria was the only one that could save her. Her friends could not help her because they were busy of their useless business. In this conversation, Jean wants to admit that Maria is the only best friend she has got.

b. Dialog (Jean nods. Maria puts the cup down. She wraps her arms around Jean’s shoulders

and pulls her up so that Jean’s leaning against the headboard. Maria goes to move away, but Jean holds on. Her eyes are tearing up.) Jean

: Do you wanna hear something funny? Maria

: What, Mrs. Jean? Jean

: You're the best friend I've got.

c. Data Interpretation

The conversation runs in informal and intimate way. It can be seen from the attitude of the characters in the dialog in which Maria is embraced by Jean tightly. Although Maria has been worked for Jean for long time, she has never gotten a treatment like that before. It happens after Jean got an accident and Maria became the one that could save Jean’s life.

The address ‘Mrs.’ is usually used to address the married or widowed The address ‘Mrs.’ is usually used to address the married or widowed

4. Last Name

There is only one datum containing Last Name address form that can be found in the film. It is found in the datum with code number C/01/LN. It is used to show solidarity. The analysis of Last Name is as follows:

C/01/LN

a. Data description This is the only data of the kind of address namely Last Name that can be found in the film. Officer Gomez is Ryan’s new partner in the police department. The dialog happens on the street where a crash accident happens. It is Ryan first day working with his new partner that is Officer Gomez. When they are still on their duty, there are a crash accident happens in the Valley Street. Ryan tries to help a woman who stuck in the upside down car. Ryan tries to get the woman out a. Data description This is the only data of the kind of address namely Last Name that can be found in the film. Officer Gomez is Ryan’s new partner in the police department. The dialog happens on the street where a crash accident happens. It is Ryan first day working with his new partner that is Officer Gomez. When they are still on their duty, there are a crash accident happens in the Valley Street. Ryan tries to help a woman who stuck in the upside down car. Ryan tries to get the woman out

b. Dialog (Gomez gets to the flaming Dodge with extinguisher. Under the Dodge -- The

flames catch on the trail of gasoline.) Officer Gomez

: Ryan!!!!

(Gomez runs to try and beat the flames to Jeep as a Fire Truck arrives.) Ryan: (Suddenly notice, startled)

c. Data Interpretation

When Ryan is helping the woman, the flames come forward to the car. Gomez, who is still extinguishing the fire on the other car near them, is startled. Thus, he addresses Ryan by using Last Name ‘Ryan’. There is a frightened situation since there is a dangerous things that can happens if Ryan and the woman does not get out of the car immediately.

This data is the only data that contain kind of address forms namely Last Name. Gomez addresses Ryan using Last name ‘Ryan’. Ryan’s complete name is John Ryan. The reason of the use the kind of address is to get Ryan attention and to show solidarity. Gomez wants to warn Ryan since he is in a dangerous condition. It is proved by the Ryan’s response. Ryan directly sees Gomez since Gomez addresses Ryan loudly. Gomez addresses Ryan in high tone of voice since

he is in a panic. Even, the distance between the addresser and the addressee is far enough. Thus, he addresses Ryan loudly in order to be heard by Ryan. Gomez shows a panic expression on his face, since he knows that the fire moves toward he is in a panic. Even, the distance between the addresser and the addressee is far enough. Thus, he addresses Ryan loudly in order to be heard by Ryan. Gomez shows a panic expression on his face, since he knows that the fire moves toward

5. First Name

There are eleven dialogs containing form of address First Name in the film. Those are dialogs with code number C/01/FN, C/02/FN, C/03/FN, C/04/FN, C/05/FN, C/06/FN, C/07/FN, C/08/FN, C/09/FN, C/10/FN and C/11/FN.

The data with code numbers C/02/FN, C/03/FN, C/04/FN and C/10/FN have similar characteristic of showing power. Meanwhile, the data with code numbers C/09/FN and C/11/FN are used because of intimacy. The data with code numbers C/01/FN, C/06/FN and C/08/FN are related to the feeling expression. The datum with code number C/05/FN is used to show solidarity. Moreover, the datum with code number C/07/FN is used because of persuading the others.

To make the description clear, the dialogs are going to be analyzed as follows:

5.1. Power

Power is the ability or opportunity of a person to control over others. The First name address form in the dialog of the film between Dirk and Andy; Rick Power is the ability or opportunity of a person to control over others. The First name address form in the dialog of the film between Dirk and Andy; Rick

C/02/FN

a. Data Description The dialog occurs in a gun’s counter. The participants are Dirk, Farhad, Dorri and Andy. Dirk is the owner of the gun shop, Dorri and Farhad are the buyers and Andy is the security guard of the shop. There is a quarrel between Dirk and Farhad since Farhad feels insulted by Dirk because of her status that is Persian people. Dirk who does not want to serve the people like Farhad asks for his security guard to get him out from the shop. Thus, in the dialog Dirk wants Andy (his security guard) to take Farhad out of his shop since Dirk does not want to have a dispute in his shop.

b. Dialog (Dirk nods toward the security guard, who heads this way. Dorri sees him

coming.) Dirk : Andy, get him outta here now! Dorri : (to Farhad) Go wait in the car. Dirk : Now. Get out! Farhad : (to Farhad) You're an ignorant man! Dirk : Yeah, I'm ignorant? You're liberating my country. And I'm flying 747s

into your mud huts and incinerating your friends? Get the fuck out! Farhad: No, you get the fuck out! (to Andy) No, don't touch me! He cheats me! Dirk : Andy, now! Andy : Let's go.

c. Data Interpretation There is an uptight situation in the dialog. Dirk is very displeased toward

Andy, to get Farhad out form his shop. The address term that exists in the dialog is First Name ‘Andy’. The address is used by Dirk (the owner of the gun shop) toward Andy (the security guard in his gun shop). Dirk address addresses Andy since he wants Andy to take Farhad out from his shop. It is done by Dirk to call Andy in order to give him an order. It is proved by the reaction toward his addressing. Andy comes and does what Dirk wants. Dirk addresses Andy in usual tone of voice. It happens since Dirk feel annoyed toward Farhad who makes a dispute in his office, so he addresses Andy to get Farhad out.

The other reason of the use of address form First Name ‘Andy’ is to show power. It can be seen from the address First name ‘Andy’ used by Dirk for the second time. Dirk wants to show his power over Andy since he is the owner of the shop who pays Andy (as his security guard) to protect and keep the safety in his shop. Thus, Dirk thinks that he has power to order Andy. It is can be seen through Dirk’s utterance. Dirk addresses Andy in a higher tone of voice. He shows serious face in order to show his power. It is done by Dirk since Andy does not get Farhad from his store immediately. Thus, he addresses Andy in higher tone of voice in order to make Andy know the situation and immediately get Farhad out from his store.

C/03/FN

a. Data Description The conversation takes place in the living room in Rick’s house. The participants involved are Rick and Karen. Rick is a famous district attorney in LA, a. Data Description The conversation takes place in the living room in Rick’s house. The participants involved are Rick and Karen. Rick is a famous district attorney in LA,

b. Dialog Rick : All right, what have we got? Talk to me, Karen.

Karen : Flanagan doesn't think anybody has the story yet. Rick : I'm the goddamn District Attorney of Los Angeles. If my car gets jacked,

it's gonna make news. Fuck! Why did these guys have to be black? I mean, why? No matter how we spin this, I'm either gonna lose the black vote or I'm gonna lose the law-and-order vote.

Karen : You're worrying too much. You have a lot of support in the black community.

c. Data Interpretation Although the dialog happens in the house, it runs in formal way since the participants involved talk about serious topic. The dialog happens in the dinning room where several staff members work. Thus, the dialog runs in a formal situation.

The kind of address form that can be found in the dialog is First Name ‘Karen’. Karen is Rick’s assistant. It can be seen that she has lower status than Rick since Rick is her boss who gives her wage. It can be said that their status is unequal.

Rick addresses his assistant using First Name ‘Karen’. Rick commands Karen to tell what actually happened about the case that they are talking about. Rick addresses Karen normal tone of voice but stresses it in an order form. It can

be seen that the address is used after the order sentence. Beside that, he also shows be seen that the address is used after the order sentence. Beside that, he also shows

5.2. Intimacy

Intimacy is the state of being intimate in a relationship or friendship. In the film, there are two data containing First name address form that is used because of intimacy. It can be seen in the data C/09/FN (the dialog between Shaniqua and Carol) and C/11/FN (the dialog between Jean and Rick). Since there is a similarity between two data, the researcher only takes one datum to be analyzed.

C/11/FN

a. Data Description The dialog happens between Rick and Jean through a phone. Rick surprises that Jean calls him. He asks Jean about what happens to her. Jean says to rick that she fell down the stairs but she is fine since she had been brought to the emergency. In the dialog, Jean wants to inform Rick that she falls down the stairs.

b. Dialog Jean : Rick?

Rick : Yeah. What's wrong? Jean : I fell down the stairs.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens through a phone. The dialog runs in an informal way. Jean calls Rick because she wants to inform Rick about the accident that happens to her. The kind of address form that exists in the dialog is First Name. Jean c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens through a phone. The dialog runs in an informal way. Jean calls Rick because she wants to inform Rick about the accident that happens to her. The kind of address form that exists in the dialog is First Name. Jean

5.3. Solidarity

Solidarity is a unity, agreement and support resulting from shared interest, feeling, actions, sympathetic, etc. In the film, there is only a datum that contains of First Name address form influenced by solidarity. It can be seen in the dialog C/05/FN in which Officer Hansen addresses Officer Ryan by his First Name.

C/05/FN

a. Data Description The dialog happens between John Ryan and Tom Hansen. Both of them are white policemen. The conversation happens in the squad car. They have a duty to find a stolen car. On the road, they find a similar car but the plate does not match. In fact, Ryan still wants to stop the vehicle. Hansen tries to explain to a. Data Description The dialog happens between John Ryan and Tom Hansen. Both of them are white policemen. The conversation happens in the squad car. They have a duty to find a stolen car. On the road, they find a similar car but the plate does not match. In fact, Ryan still wants to stop the vehicle. Hansen tries to explain to

b. Dialog Hansen : That's not it. (No response) . That's not the vehicle, John. The plates

don't match. The driver's gotta be. Nobody jacks a car and takes it to Studio City.

(Ryan hits the flashers. He sees a woman in the passenger seat doing something. He sees her face and bumps the siren) Ryan : They were doin' something.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens between two police officers in the squad car. They have a duty to find a jacked car. Finally, they see a car which has a similar characteristic with car which is being looked for. In fact, it is not the wanted car. Hansen tries to tell Ryan that it is not the car, but there is no response from Ryan. Thus, he addresses Ryan using First Name ‘John’. It is also done by Hansen since

he wants to show solidarity. They have become partner for long time in police department. Thus, Hansen tries to show solidarity toward his partner, Ryan. If Ryan makes a mistake, Hansen tries to remind him. In this case, Hansen tries to reprimand and remind Ryan about the car which they follow. Hansen addresses Ryan in usual tone of voice clearly and painstakingly.

The participants involved in the dialog have known each other well. Although they are still on their duty as a policemen, but the dialog runs in informal way. It influences the use of address form. Hansen uses kind of address namely First Name ‘John’ to address the addressee. From the dialog it can be seen that Hansen tries to behave as Ryan’s partner and friend. Thus, He addresses him The participants involved in the dialog have known each other well. Although they are still on their duty as a policemen, but the dialog runs in informal way. It influences the use of address form. Hansen uses kind of address namely First Name ‘John’ to address the addressee. From the dialog it can be seen that Hansen tries to behave as Ryan’s partner and friend. Thus, He addresses him

5.4. Feeling expression

Feeling is a physical or mental awareness and emotion. Human being has an ability to express an emotion such as love, happy, sad, angry, etc. In the film, the dialog between Farhad and Dorri; Peter and Anthony; Christine and Cameron shows that the First Name address form is used because the participants want to show their feeling toward the others. It can be seen that the data C/01/FN (showing love), C/06/FN (annoyance), and C/08/FN (angry). The researcher only takes two data to be analyzed that is data with code numbers C/01/FN and C/06/FN.

C/01/FN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in a corner market. The participants involved are two Persian people that are Farhad Golzhari and Dorri Golzhari. Dori is Farhad’s daughter. The dialog happens in the informal situation. In this dialog, Farhad feels annoyed to Dorri’s speech in which she teases him. Farhad wants Dorri to have a respect to Farhad. He wants Dorri to respect what they do since it is for his family too.

b. Dialog Farhad

: Have respect for your father. Give me the gun! Dorri

: Here. Now you can shoot anybody you want Farhad : Dorri, that man could’ve killed your mother. You think I should let crazy people do what they want to us? : Here. Now you can shoot anybody you want Farhad : Dorri, that man could’ve killed your mother. You think I should let crazy people do what they want to us?

he has said. Although there are non reciprocal addresses exist in the dialog, but it can be seen that their relationship is intimate. Although Farhad looks annoyed toward Dorri, he persists to love his daughter. It is done since Dorri is his only beloved daughter.

C/06/FN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in a road. The participants involved are Anthony and Peter. They are in a car in which Anthony becomes the driver. They sing a happy song. Anthony does not drive carefully because he is busy in singing the song. It makes them surprise when the car hit something. Thus, they stop and get out of the car. Peter looks under the fender and find a bleeding face of a Korean man. It makes them panic. It leads to a serious conversation between them. The a. Data Description The dialog happens in a road. The participants involved are Anthony and Peter. They are in a car in which Anthony becomes the driver. They sing a happy song. Anthony does not drive carefully because he is busy in singing the song. It makes them surprise when the car hit something. Thus, they stop and get out of the car. Peter looks under the fender and find a bleeding face of a Korean man. It makes them panic. It leads to a serious conversation between them. The

: Okay, hold up. Hold up, hold up, hold up. Get back in the truck. Peter

: What? Anthony

: Yes, get back in the truck. Peter

: You think we didn't drag him far enough? Anthony

: No, we gonna drive away. And he gonna let go. Peter

: He's not gonna let go, Anthony. You know why? Because he's stuck underneath the fucking truck! Now, if he could've let go, he probably would've considered that option half a block back. What you and I gotta do, just grab his arms and pull him from underneath.

c. Data interpretation The dialog happens in the informal situation in which the participants involved know each other well. They have close relationship that is a friendship relation. In the dialog, there is a kind of address that can be found, namely First Name. Peter addresses Anthony using his First Name ‘Anthony’. Ordinary, Peter uses Multiple Name address ‘dawg’ or ‘man’ to address Anthony. In this case, Peter addresses Anthony with his First Name ‘Anthony’. The reason of the address form is to show Peter’s annoyance toward Anthony. Peter feels annoyed because Anthony does not immediately understand about the matter that they face. Peter has explained to Anthony that there is a Korean man stuck underneath the car. In fact, Anthony has an idea to drive away his car and think that the Korean man will go by himself. It makes Peter annoy since he realizes that the Korean man is not going to let go since he stuck underneath the car. Thus, Peter addresses Anthony using address form namely First Name ‘Anthony’. Peter addresses Anthony cynically. He addresses Anthony in sarcastic tone of voice. The address form above is in the dimension of social distance scale and affective scale. The

They are in an informal situation in which there is a panic between the participants. Thus, it also influences the use of address by the addresser.

5.5. Persuasion

Persuasion is the act of persuading or the ability to persuade someone. In this film, there is a dialog containing First Name address form which is used because the addresser wants to persuade the addressee. It can be seen in the datum C/07/FN.

C/07/FN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in the bedroom. The conversation happens between Ria and Graham. Ria is a Graham’s partner and girlfriend. Ria is her nickname. Her name is Maria. She is a Latina detective, while Graham is a black man. When there is a phone call from Graham’s mother interrupting the activity, Ria becomes upset with Graham. She is annoyed toward Graham for being disrespectful toward his mother and subsequently showing himself to be a racially insensitive towards Hispanics.

b. Dialog Graham

: Come on. I would've said you were Mexican, but I don't think it would've pissed her off as much.

Ria : Why do you keep everybody at a certain distance, huh? What, you start to feel something and panic?

Graham : Come on, Maria. You're just pissed 'cause I answered the phone.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens in intimate situation. The participants involved have c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens in intimate situation. The participants involved have

6. Multiple Name

In the film, there are twenty one data that contains Multiple Name form of address. Those are: C/01/MN, C/02/MN, C/03/MN, C/04/MN, C/05/MN, C/06/MN, C/07/MN, C/08/MN, C/09/MN, C/10/MN, C/11/MN, C/12/MN, C/13/MN, C/14/MN, C/15/MN, C/16/MN, C/17/MN, C/18/MN, C/19/MN, C/20/MN and C/21/MN.

From those data, there are some data which have similarity, for example the data with code numbers C/04/MN, C/05/MN, C/06/MN, C/11/MN, C/13/MN, C/16/MN, and C/21/MN are used because of intimacy. The datum with code number C/18/MN is used because of the existence of power. The datum C/10/MN is used to show respect. The datum C/02/MN is used to show solidarity. Meanwhile, the data with code numbers C/01/MN, C/03/MN, C/07/MN, C/08/MN, C/09/MN, C/12/MN, C/14/MN, C/15/MN, C/17/MN, C/19/MN and

C/20/MN are influenced with feeling aspect. The examples of analysis are as follows:

6.1. Power

Power is the ability or opportunity of a person to control over others. There is only a datum containing Multiple Name address form in the film. It can

be seen in the datum C/18/MN.

C/18/MN

a. Data description The dialog happens in front of Daniel’s house. Daniel Ruiz is a locksmith who ever repaired the lock in Farhad’s market. Farhad thinks that Daniel has cheated him and taken everything from him. Thus he comes to Daniel’s house and asks for the money back. He points a gun to Daniel. It leads to the serious situation. Even it becomes a horror situation when Lara (Daniel’s daughter) comes to Daniel and then she has shot by Farhad unintentionally. The end of the dialog is for threatening and squeezing someone.

b. Dialog (Farhad points gun to Daniel)

Farhad : To pay for my store. Give me my money! (Lara sees Daniel inside the house) Daniel

: (to Lara) Honey, stay inside. (Calling) Elizabeth!

Farhad : Give me my money! I want my fucking money! Give me that truck!

c. Data interpretation There is a strained situation when the dialog happens. In front of Daniel’s house, Daniel speaks to Farhad. They are involved in a quarrel in which Farhad

Daniel since he thinks that Daniel have stolen everything in his market. On the other hand, Daniel does not understand why Farhad wants to shoot him since he does not know everything about it. It leads to the serious situation and a quarrel between them.

The address ‘honey’ is uttered by Daniel toward his daughter, Lara. Daniel is worry if Lara comes to Daniel since Daniel is in a danger. Daniel addresses Lara in serious intonation clearly and painstakingly. He shows serious expression on his face. The reason of the use of the address form is to show power and also love. Showing power means that Daniel is higher than Lara since he is Lara’s father. He has power over her children. Thus, he can order Lara to keep inside the house. Meanwhile, showing love means that Daniel loves her daughter very much. Thus, he will do everything to protect his daughter. In this case, Daniel asks Lara to stay inside the house since a dangerous situation is going on outside their house. He worries that Lara will be injured. Thus, he asks Lara to stay inside the house.

6.2. Solidarity

Solidarity is a unity, agreement and support resulting from shared interest, feeling, actions, sympathetic, etc. In the film, there is a datum that contains Multiple Name address form influenced by solidarity. It can be seen in the datum C/02/MN.

C/02/MN

a. Data Description The dialog happens in the car. The participants involved are Anthony and Peter. They talks about the faith to the St. Christopher. Peter put a St. Christopher statue on the dashboard. Anthony, who does not believe it, prohibits him to put it on the dashboard. It leads to the debate that makes Peter upset and finally stop the conversation. In the conversation, Anthony wants to tell his opinion about St. Christopher voodoo.

b. Dialog Anthony

: No, no, no! Take that voodoo-assed thing off of there right now. Peter

: I know you just didn't call Saint Christopher voodoo. Man's the patron saint of travelers, dawg.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens in a car. The topic of the dialog is the faith to Saint Christopher. The address used in the dialog is ‘dawg’. The situation in the dialog is in informal way. Peter uses this kind of address since he wants to show solidarity toward the addressee. Peter wants to remind Anthony that the saint Christopher is the patron saint of travelers. He gives Anthony advice to believe Saint Christopher. It can be seen from the utterance. Peter utters the address in a serious tone and serious manner. Peter is Anthony’s best friend. As a friend, he wants to share everything to his friend including his faith toward Saint Christopher. ‘Dawg’ is a term of address for a close acquaintance or friend. It is a slang address that is usually used by black community. Since the participants c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens in a car. The topic of the dialog is the faith to Saint Christopher. The address used in the dialog is ‘dawg’. The situation in the dialog is in informal way. Peter uses this kind of address since he wants to show solidarity toward the addressee. Peter wants to remind Anthony that the saint Christopher is the patron saint of travelers. He gives Anthony advice to believe Saint Christopher. It can be seen from the utterance. Peter utters the address in a serious tone and serious manner. Peter is Anthony’s best friend. As a friend, he wants to share everything to his friend including his faith toward Saint Christopher. ‘Dawg’ is a term of address for a close acquaintance or friend. It is a slang address that is usually used by black community. Since the participants

6.3. Intimacy

Intimacy is the state of being intimate in a relationship or friendship. In the film, there are seven data containing Multiple Name address form that is used because of intimacy. It can be seen in the data C/04/MN, C/05/MN, C/06/MN, C/11/MN, C/13/MN, C/16/MN, and C/21/MN. Since there are similarities between the data, the researcher takes two data to be analyzed.

C/05/MN

a. Data Description The dialog takes place in a corner market. The participants involved are Dorri and Farhad. The dialog happens in the informal situation. In this dialog, Farhad feels annoyed to Dorri’s speech in which she teases him. Farhad wants Dorri to have a respect to Farhad. He wants Dorri to obey his order.

b. Dialog Farhad : I can do that!

Dorri : Dad, you couldn't even get it open. Farhad : Have respect for your father. Give me the gun! Dorri : Here. Now you can shoot anybody you want.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in casual way and situation. Dorri loads a gun from the c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in casual way and situation. Dorri loads a gun from the

C/16/MN

a. Data Description The dialog takes place in parking area of the police station. The participants involved are Officer Ryan and Officer Gomez. The topic of the dialog is asking to go together. After Hansen does not want to become Ryan’s partner, Ryan gets a new partner that is Officer Gomez. Ryan asks Gomez whether he ready to begin his job or not.

b. Dialog Ryan

: You ready to roll, homie? Officer Gomez: Ready, amigo.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in casual way. The two policemen are ready to do their work. Ryan addresses Gomez with Last Name ‘Gomez’ and he gets Multiple

Gomez addresses Ryan in order to answer Ryan addressing. He utters it in usual tone of voice. He uses this kind of address since he wants to show intimacy toward Ryan as his new partner to do his job in the police department. It is also done since it is in informal situation in which he is ready to work. ‘Amigo’ is a Spanish form of address that means a friend or somebody thought likely to be friend. In this case, Officer Gomez is Ryan’s new partner. Gomez uses this kind of address because he is a Hispanic man (an American citizen of Spanish or Latin American descent). Since he is a Hispanic man, his life is influenced by Spanish culture, for example in addressing the other person, he uses ‘amigo’ that is one of

a Spanish form of address. The cultural background of the addresser also influences the use of address form. Since they are in an informal situation, Gomez uses Multiple Name address form ‘Amigo’ in order to show intimacy toward his new partner.

6.4. Feeling expression

Feeling is a physical or mental awareness and emotion. Human being has an ability to express an emotion such as love, happy, sad, angry, etc. In the film there are eleven data containing Multiple Name address form. It can be seen in the data with code numbers C/01/MN, C/03/MN, C/07/MN, C/08/MN, C/09/MN, C/12/MN, C/14/MN, C/15/MN, C/17/MN, C/19/MN and C/20/MN. Since there are similarities among the data, the researcher only takes three data as the representation of the others.

C/01/MN

a. Data description This dialog happens in counter. The participants of the dialog are Dirk, Farhad and Dorry. Dirk is the seller while Farhad is the buyer. Dorry is Farhad’s daughter. Dirk is a white people while Farhad and Dorri are Persian. Farhad and Dirk have never met before, so they do not know each other. The topic of the dialog is about the debate in choosing the bullets which can fit in the gun. Dirk asks Farhad to choose free box of bullets for his gun. Meanwhile, Farhad and Dorry are busy to debate it themselves in Farsian/Persian language that Dirk cannot understand. Dirk feels annoyed of that situation. The end of the conversation below is a trade in order to get ammunition which can fit in the gun.

b. Dialog: Dirk

: You get one free box of ammunition. What kind do you want? Farhad

: (in Farsi) What did he say “Ammunition”? Dorri

: (in Farsi) He asked what kinds of bullets you want.

Farhad : (in Farsi)The kind that fit in the gun. Dorri

: (in Farsi)There is more than one type. Farhad

: (in Farsi) How do I know? I don’t know anything about bullets. Dorri

: (in Farsi)Which is really good reason not to be buying a gun. Farhad

: (in Farsi) You don’t use that tone of voice with me.

Dirk : Yo, Osama! Plan a Jihad on your own time. What do you want? Farhad

: (in Farsi) What is he saying about “Jihad”? (to DIRK, in English) Are you making insults at me?

Dirk : Am I making insults at you? Is that the closest you get to English? Farhad

: Yes, I speak English! I am American citizen. Dirk

: Oh God, here we go.

c. Data Interpretation: The conversation runs in informal way. The address form that is used by Dirk toward Farhad is a Multiple Name “Osama”. Dirk seems so cross to Farhad

understand what his two buyers discuss about. Thus, Dirk addresses Farhad in a high tone of voice. Dirk is annoyed because Farhad and Dorry ignore him. The reasons of the use of address “Osama” by Dirk are to get Farhad’s attention and to show Dirk’s annoyance since Farhad and Dorry ignore him as the owner of the shop. It can be seen that Dirk uttered it in a resentful tone with annoyance expression in his face. Dirk uses the Multiple Name “Osama” since he does not know buyer’s name. Therefore, he uses name “Osama” (Osama bin Laden), a man coming from Middle East who is famous for his “Jihad”, because Dirk sees Farhad as Middle East people. The relationship between Dirk and Farhad is a distant relationship since they do not know each other and it is their first meeting. Here, the addresser also wants to send a negative affective message toward addressee. Dirk humiliates Farhad and has a prejudice that Farhad is a terrorist like Osama. Thus, the other reason of the use of the address is to tease Farhad.

C/03/MN

a. Data Description The conversation occurs between John Ryan, Tom Hansen and Cameron Thayer on a Residential road. Ryan and Hansen are white policemen, while Cameron is a black man. Cameron’s car has been stopped by the two officers since he has done something with a woman in his car. In the continuation, Ryan has done something impolitely to the woman (Cameron’s wife). In order not to make the matter going worse, Cameron asks for apologize to Ryan and let them go with a warning. Finally, Ryan and Hansen let them go. The conversation is a. Data Description The conversation occurs between John Ryan, Tom Hansen and Cameron Thayer on a Residential road. Ryan and Hansen are white policemen, while Cameron is a black man. Cameron’s car has been stopped by the two officers since he has done something with a woman in his car. In the continuation, Ryan has done something impolitely to the woman (Cameron’s wife). In order not to make the matter going worse, Cameron asks for apologize to Ryan and let them go with a warning. Finally, Ryan and Hansen let them go. The conversation is

with a warning, please. Ryan

: The man's apologizing, Tommy. I think we can let him go. Don't you? Hansen : Yeah. Ryan

: All right. You can go.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog happens when the two policemen are on their duty in which they interrogate a driver. Since they are on their duty, they should talk in a formal way. In fact, Ryan addresses his partner (Tom Hansen) using kind of address namely Multiple Name ‘Tommy’. Multiple Name is a kind of address is the most intimate address forms. It is a kind of informal address form which usually used by two people who has known each other before (has a close relationship). In this case, although the situation runs in a formal way, Ryan still addresses Tom Hansen by Multiple Name ‘Tommy’. Ryan addressees Hansen using Multiple Name ‘Tommy’ because he wants to show his satisfaction after molesting two black people. Ryan’s expression when addresses Hansen cannot be seen since the camera focuses on Cameron’s face. Meanwhile how Ryan utters it can be analyzed through his voice. Ryan utters it in usual tone of voice. From the voice, it can be said that Ryan feels satisfied and happy. Ryan addresses Hansen by using Multiple Name ‘Tommy’ because he wants to show his satisfaction to Tom Hansen after molesting two black people successfully.

C/15/MN

a. Data description The conversation occurs outside of movie studio. The participants involved are Cameron Thayer and Christine Thayer. Cameron is Christine’s husband. They were involved in a quarrel last night. It makes a strained relation between them. Christine tries to restore their relationship. In fact, Cameron shows an annoyance expression meaning that he is disappointed because of Christine’s statement on the last night. The conversation happens since Christine wants to clear and solve their problem happened last night so that she can restore their relationship.

b. Dialog Cameron

: (coldly) Yeah. That's what happened. Christine

: Oh, baby, don't do this. Cameron

: No. No, you're right. I ain't doin' it.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in casual way. Christine comes to Cameron’s studio in order to clarify what happened last night. She wants to restore the relationship with Cameron that becomes apart after having quarrel a night before. Christine explains what she feels and asks for apologize to Cameron. In fact, Cameron is still angry toward her.

Christine addresses Cameron using Multiple Name ‘Baby’. ‘Baby’ is usually used by who has intimate relationship. In this case, Christine is Cameron’s wife. Thus, they have very close relationship. Christine addresses Cameron in low

Christine feels sad and disappointed toward Cameron since Cameron does not forgive her and even keep away from her. The situation in which the dialog runs in a casual way also influences the address used. Therefore, the reason of the use of Multiple Name address form ‘baby’ is to show Christine feeling of sadness and disappointment toward Cameron.

7. You Plus Multiple Name

There are six dialogs containing You plus Multiple Name address form that can be found in the film. The occurrence of dialogs that contain You plus Multiple Name form of address is in the data with code numbers C/01/You+MN, C/02/You+MN,

C/05/You+MN and C/06/You+MN. The analysis of the address forms You plus Multiple Name are as follow:

C/03/You+MN,

C/04/You+MN,

7.1. Feeling expression

There are five data containing you plus Multiple Name address form which is used because of showing addresser’s feeling. They are the data with code numbers C/01/You+MN, C/03/You+MN, C/04/You+MN, C/05/You+MN and C/06/You+MN. Since there are similarities among the data, the researcher takes two data as the representation of the others.

C/01/You+MN

a. Data description The dialog occurs on the street. The participants involved are Officer a. Data description The dialog occurs on the street. The participants involved are Officer

b. Dialog Ryan

: Put your hands... Christine

: (to Ryan) And you keep your filthy fucking hands off me! You

motherfucking pig!

c. Data interpretation The dialog runs in a formal way. Officer Ryan is having a check to a car in which the driver is suspected for doing indecent behavior in the motor vehicle. At first, Ryan only asks for the registration and driver’s license. Then, he asks Christine’s husband to get out of the car. It leads to the serious conversation in which Christine cannot accept that her husband is treated badly by the policemen. She feels annoyed to that situation. Christine is angry toward Ryan. The situation becomes more strained. They are involved in a dispute.

The address that exists in the dialog is You+MN ‘You motherfucking pig’. It is addressed by Christine Thayer toward Officer Ryan. The address is uttered in high tone of voice with angry expression on Christine’s face. It is done by Christine since she is annoyed and angry toward Ryan who treats her and her husband badly. When she address Ryan using ‘You motherfucking pig’, the dialog have already run in a serious situation in which Christine is angry to Ryan. Thus, the reason of the use of the address is to show Christine’s anger toward the addressee (Ryan).

C/06/You+MN

a. Data Description The conversation takes place in the hospital. The participants involved are Kim Lee (a Korean woman) and Suster Hodge (a white nurse). Kim Lee who loses her husband looks for her husband in every hospital. She comes to a hospital keeps shouting her husband name in order to find her husband’s room. The conversation happens in order to stop Kim Lee shouting her husband’s name since it can disturb the patients in the hospital.

b. Dialog Nurse Hodge : Do you speak English?

Kim Lee : I am speaking English, you stupid cow! My husband name Choi Jin Gui! Jin Gui!

c. Data Interpretation Kim Lee enters the hospital with a panic over her because she is afraid with her husband’s condition. She hysterically keeps shouting her husband’s name in order to find her husband’s room in the hospital. Suddenly a nurse comes out to stop Kim Lee. The nurse asks whether she can speak English or not since she seems like Korean woman. The nurse question makes Kim Lee annoy. She addresses the nurse using a kind of address form You+MN “you stupid cow”. The reason of the use of that address form is to show annoyance toward the addressee. It can be seen trough the way she utters it. She utters it in higher tone of voice with the facial expression of annoyance.

Based on the situation and norm of address, Kim Lee should not address Based on the situation and norm of address, Kim Lee should not address

7.2. Intimacy

There is a datum which belongs to this category. It is datum with code number C/02/You+MN. This datum is used since the addresser wants to show intimacy and endearment toward his beloved daughter. The analysis of the datum is as follows:

C/02/You+MN

a. Data Description The dialog occurs in the Lara’s bedroom. Lara is Daniel’s little daughter. Lara has a trauma of the condition of her previous home since there is a bullet which goes through her window in their previous home. Although Lara has moved to a safer place and neighborhood, she is still afraid to sleep on her bed. Finally Daniel tries to tell Lara not to afraid by telling a story. By telling his story, Daniel convinces Lara not to afraid again with a bullet.

b. Dialog Lara : Tell me.

Daniel : Okay. When I was five, this fairy came into my room one night. Lara : (skeptical) Right. Daniel : See, I told you you weren't gonna believe me.

Okay, go to sleep now, you little rat. Lara : No, tell me. Daniel : Okay.

c. Data Interpretation The dialog runs in casual situation. Daniel tells a story to Lara in order to make Lara comfort. Daniel realizes that Lara has a trauma with a gun. Although they have moved to the better place, Lara is still afraid if there is a bullet comes to her window again. Therefore, Daniel tells a story that can make Lara feels safe and comfort. As the response, Lara shows a skeptical expression to Daniel. Daniel pretend he feels annoyed to Lara since she does not want to believe Daniel. He does it in order to get Lara’s attention to continue telling story. Finally Lara wants Daniel to continue telling the story.

Daniel addresses Lara by using address term of You+MN to show that there is no distance between them. Daniel addresses Lara by using ‘you little rat’ to show expression of endearment because she knows their relationship is very close / intimate. Daniel addresses Lara in usual tone of voice. In another word, the reason of the use of address term above is to show expression of endearment and intimacy toward the addressee. Beside that, Daniel uses the address term above to get Lara attention since she looks so skeptical toward Daniel when he begins to tell the story. Daniel uses this kind of address in order to show intimacy.

8. Name

There is only one dialog containing Name address form that can be found in the film. It is belongs to kind of address namely ‘Name’ since the address is a Korean address. Thus, the researcher includes it into a kind of address namely ‘Name’. It is found in the datum with code number C/01/N. The analysis of Name is as follows:

C/01/N

a. Data description The conversation happens in a hospital. It occurs between two Korean people that is Choi Jin Gui and Kim Lee. Choi Jin Gui is Kim Lee’s husband. Kim Lee is worry about Jin Gui’s life since she cannot find Jin Gui anywhere. Finally she finds Jin Gui in a hospital. In the dialog, it can be seen that Kim Lee is very happy and relived since she finds her husband alive.

b. Dialog Kim Lee

: Jin Gui! Choi Jin Gui : Kim Lee. Kim Lee

: I thought you were dead. I called every hospital. Choi Jin Gui : It's okay. I'm okay. Thank you for finding me.

c. Data Interpretation The conversation runs in an informal way. The participants have very close relationship that is husband and wife. Kim Lee finds her husband in a hospital. It is a relief to know her husband is still alive since she cannot find her husband in every hospital. They are a Korean people. There are two addresses that can be seen in the dialog. Those are Name ‘Jin Gui’ and ‘Kim Lee’.

The address forms exist in the dialog belongs to Name address forms since it is a Korean Name different to English Name. An English name consists of First Name (a given name) and Last Name (a family name). Meanwhile, a Korean name consists of a family name followed by a given name . Thus, the Korean address form that exists in the dialog is included in the Name form of address.

When Kim Lee sees he husband she addresses him with Name ‘Jin Gui’. The complete name of his husband is Choi Jin Gui, but she addresses him with name ‘Jin Gui’. It is done by Kim Lee in order to greet her husband. She looks for her husband hardly, but finally she can find him. Thus, when she suddenly sees him, she greets him with Name ‘Jin Gui’. It is also done by Kim Lee in order to show her surprise and her relief because she finally can find her husband in the hospital. It is proved by her expression when she utters the address. She utters it in

a surprise intonation with the facial expression of surprise mixing with happy. Her eyes are opened widely showing she is startled when she sees her husband. Beside that, the reason of the uses of address Name ‘Jin Gui’ by Kim Lee is to show intimacy since the participants involved in the dialog have very close relationship. It can be seen from the response given by her husband. Her husband (Choi jin Gui) also addresses her with Name “Kim Lee’. It is indicated that their relationship is intimate or close.

The other address that can be found in the dialog is address form Name ‘Kim Lee’. It is uttered by Choi Jin Gui toward Kim Lee in order to reply Kim Lee addresses since he is addressed by Kim Lee. He utters it in happy tone of The other address that can be found in the dialog is address form Name ‘Kim Lee’. It is uttered by Choi Jin Gui toward Kim Lee in order to reply Kim Lee addresses since he is addressed by Kim Lee. He utters it in happy tone of