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CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
A. Reasearch Design
This research is categorized as descriptive quantitative research. Quantitative research is the research that relies primarily on the collection of
quantitative data Johnson and Christensen, 2006. Quantitative data take the form of numbers. Quantitative data can be produced by a variety of research
methods such as questionnaires, interviews, observation, documents, etc. This research tried to describe the readability level of English reading
texts by two approaches. First is by readability formulas, in this case are only by Fry Readability Formula FRF and Fog Index FI. Second is by cloze
procedure.
B. Population and Sampling Techniques
According to Arikunto 2010, a research population is all subjects of the research. Sugiyono 2010 gives more detailed description of research
population. Population is the entire research subjectobject that has certain charactheristics and quality given by the researcher to study then to make a
conclusion Sugiyono, 2010. Since research population can be very large, it is necessary to draw a sample. It is necessary because the researcher need to
narrow the number of the research objects down.
There were two populations in this study. The first population was the grade VIII students from SMP N 1 Jetis, Bantul in the academic year of
20142015. The choice of the school was based on the consideration that this school met the requirement of the research and there were no similar research
about readability that was conducted in this school before. The total number of the grade VIII students are 178 students divided into 6 classes. The total
number of the population above is considered big. From the population, to draw the sample randomly, Krejcie and Morgan table can be used. Based on
the table of Krejcie and Morgan in Cohen, Manion, and Morrison 2007: 94 the sample are 123 students. However, the sample used in this study were all
of grade VIII students except students from VIII F class. The students of VIII F class was taken for the try out of the instrument. Then the number of the
students used as sample is 147 students from VIII A, VIII B, VIII C, VIII D, and VIII E classes.
The second population was the texts from an English textbook used by the grade VIII students of SMP N 1 Jetis Bantul in the academic year of
20142015. The texts were taken from an English textbook entitled English in Focus. There are six chapters in the textbook. Each chapter consists of three
to six reading texts or reading passages from different genres. Then the sample form the second population were three reading texts randomly chosen
from the initial, middle, and end parts of the textbook.
C. Research Instruments
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