Data Description Error Analysis on Transforming Affirmative to Negative and Interrogative Sentences of Simple Presnt Tense (a case study at SMP YAPERA Ciledug)

1,3,9,1 3,14, 18 1,3,9,1 3,14,18 7,8 17,18 4 3,7,8,9 1,13,14 washes our clothes every day. 2 Do my mother washes our clothes every day? Do my mother washe our clothes every day? 3 Why do my mother washes ? When does my mother washes our clothes? When do my mother washe our clothes? When do my mother washes our clothes? interrogative patterns of sentences are always followed by verb 1, so it should be: 1 My mother doesn’t wash our clothes every day. 2 Does my mother wash our clothes every day? 3 When does my mother wash our clothes? 7 12,20 18,19 12,19, 20 1 Laura does lives in Ciledug. Laura doesn’t lives in Ciledug 2 Does Laura lives in Ciledug? Addition Te students added “es” in the word “gives” it must be revise “give”, because in negative and interrogative patterns of sentences are always followed by verb 1, so it should be: 1 Laura doesn’t live in Ciledug. 2 Does Laura live in Ciledug? 8 18 1 His mother doesn’t always gives a new thing when he get ten in the test. Addition Te students added “es” in the word “gives” it must be revise “give”, because in negative and interrogative patterns of sentences are always followed by verb 1, so it should be: His mother doesn’t always give a new thing when he get ten in the test. 10 2,5,11, 12,13,1 4,17,18 4 2,12,18 ,20 17 4,11 4 18 1 Diyas doesn’t seldom wears shirt. Diyas don’t seldoming wears shirt. 2 Does Diyas seldom wears shirt? Do Diyas seldoming wears shirt. Doesn’t Diyas seldom wears shirt? 3 Who do seldoming wears shirt? Why Diyas seldom wears shirt? Addition Te students added “es” in the word “gives” it must be revise “give” and they also added “ing” in word “seldom”, because in negative and interrogative patterns of sentences are always followed by verb 1, so it should be: 1 Diyas doesn’t seldom wear shirt. 2 Does Diyas seldom wear shirt? 3 What does Diyas seldom wear? Table 4.4 Table of Auxiliary Errors Item Numb er Students Error Sentences Types of Error Explanation and Correction 2 9 1 When does they swim? Miselection The student failed to choose the correct word, if the subject is plural should be followed by auxiliary ‘do’, so it should be When do they swim? 19 1 No they swim every Friday and Saturday? Miselection The student failed to choose the correct word, to make a question for plural subject, it should be used auxiliary ‘do’, so it should be Do they swim every Friday and Saturday? 4 2,11, 12,15, 17,19, 20 5 2, 9, 11, 12, 15,17, 18,19, 20 2,18, 11,12, 15,17, 19,20 5 1 She doesn’t has English class at ten o’clock today. She don’t have English class at ten o’clock today. 2 Does she has English class at ten o’clock today? 3 When does she has English class at ten o’clock today? What does she has English class at ten o’clock today? When do she have English class? Miselection Omission The students failed to choose the correct word like ‘has’ must be ‘have’, ‘don’t’ must be ‘doesn’t’, ‘do’ must be ‘doesn’t’ and the students omit word ‘today’. it should be: 1 She doesn’t have English class at ten o’clock today. 2 Does she have English class at ten o’clock today? 3 What time does she have English class today? 5 1,3,7,8,9, 13, 14,18 1,3,7,8, 9,13, 14,18 1,3,7,8, 1 My mother don’t washes our clothes every day. 2 Do my mother washes our clothes ever day? 3 When do my Miselection The students failed to choose the correct word, in subject My mother it should be followed by auxiliary does not do because my mother is single second person her. So it should be: 1 My mother doesn’t wash our clothes every day. 2 Does my mother 9,13, 14, mother washes our clothes? wash our clothes every day? 3 When does my mother washes our clothes? 6 2,4,10,11, 15,17,19, 20 18 2,4,10,11, 15,16,17, 18,19, 20 2,4,7,11, 15,17,19, 20 10,18, 1 Mirna Doesn’t has breakfast every morning Mirna has doesn’t breakfast every morning. 1 Does Mirna has breakfast every morning? 2 When does Mirna has breakfast? When Mirna has breakfast? Miselection Misorder Omission The students failed to choose the correct word, they made some errors on using auxiliary ‘has’; it should use auxiliary ‘have’, and they omit word ‘does’ it should be: 1 Mirna doesn’t have breakfast every morning. 2 Does Mirna have breakfast every morning? 3 When does Mirna have breakfast? 7 12 1 Laura does lives in Ciledug. Miselection The students failed to choose the correct word, the student made error in using auxiliary ‘does’ in negative sentence, it should be ‘ doesn’t ’ . So the sentence should be: Laura doesn’t live in Ciledug. 9 10, 11, 17 1 Tono does always sleep for two hours every afternoon. Miselection The students failed to choose the correct word, they made error in using auxiliary ‘does’ in negative sentence, it should be ‘ doesn’t ’ for negative sentence. So the sentence should be: Tono doesn’t always sleep for two hours every afternoon . 10 4 4 4 1 Diyas don’t seldoming wears shirt. 2 Do Diyas seldoming wears shirt? 3 Who Do seldoming wears shirt? Miselection The students failed to choose the correct word, for subject she, he or name of people it should be followed by auxiliary ‘ does ’ not ‘ do ’ . So the right sentences are: 1 Diyas doesn’t seldom wear shirt. 2 Does Diyas seldom wear shirt? 3 Who Does seldom wear shirt? Table 4.5 Table of Question Word Errors Item Numb er Students Error Sentences Types of Error Explanation and Correction 4 2,10,11 ,12,15, 17,19,2 • What does she have English class? Omission The using WH question in the sentence is not perfect. The students omit the word “time” It must use What time 5 17,18 • Why does my mother washes? Miselection The student failed to choose the correct word, to ask about time should use When, it should be When does my mother wash our clothes? 8 18 • Why mother always give new thing? Miselection Omission The student failed to choose the correct word, to ask about time should use When , and the student omit the word “does his”it should be When does his mother always give new thing? 9 16 18 • What time does Tono always sleep every afternoon? • Where Tono always sleep? Miselection Omission The student failed to choose the correct word, to ask about frequency must use How long, it should be How long does Tono always sleep every afternoon? The student omits the word “does” and “for two hours”. It should be When does Tono always sleep for two hours? 10 18 • Why Diyas seldom wears shirt? Miselection Omission Addition The student failed to make a sentence, the student added a necessary word “shirt” it must be revise What does Diyas seldom wear? Table 4.6 Table of Punctuation Errors Item Num ber Students Error Sentences Types of Error Explanation and Correction 1 4, 17, 20 1 Where does Lisa borrow book Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 2 15,20 1 Do they swim every Omission The students failed to 19,20 Friday and Sunday 2 When do they swim give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 3 5,6,12, 15 1 Does Lia often lose her money at her class Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 4 5,15,19 1,3,20 1 Does she has English class at ten o’clock today 2 What time she has English class Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 5 1, 6, 15 1,17,19 ,20 1 Does my mother wash our clothes every day 2 When does my mother wash our clothes Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 6 11 19,20 1 Does Mirna has breakfast every morning 2 When does Mirna has breakfast Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 7 12,19 19,20 1 Does Laura live in Ciledug 2 Where does Laura live Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 8 1,3,6,7 19,20 1 Does his mother always give a new thing when he get ten in the test 2 What does my mother always give Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 9 4,7 19,20 1 Does Tono always sleep for two hours every afternoon 2 When does Tono always sleep Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ? 10 4,5,11 19,20 1 Does Diyas seldom wear shirt 2 What does Diyas seldom wear Omission The students failed to give a question mark in a sentence, because of the carelessness of students of making an interrogative sentence. For yesno question and WH question it should be using question mark ?

B. Data analysis

After presenting the error into 4 of tested area specifically for grammatical and lexical aspect, the writer broke down into four categories from the data collected. The writer used these categories followed by target modification taxonomy, Dulay, Burt, and Krashen’s system comprises for main categories, the following categories are; miselection, addition, misorder, and omission. 1. Miselection, where the wrong item has been chosen in place of the right one. 2. Addition, where some element is present which should not be there. 3. Misorder, where the elements presented are correct but wrongly sequenced. 4. Omission, where some element of a word is omitted which should be present. The writer used these categories to classify the errors and to explain the problem. The following table is the recapitulation of types of error which made by students on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of simple present tense: Table 4.7 The Recapitulation of the Types of Error Students’ Number Types of Error Total Miselection Misorder Addition Omission 1. 3 3 12 18 2. 7 2 13 22 3. 3 3 10 16 4. 8 7 7 22 5. 7 2 1 5 15 6. 1 3 4 7. 4 3 13 20 8. 3 3 10 16 9. 4 1 3 6 14 10. 5 12 17 11. 4 3 13 20 12. 7 4 13 24 13. 3 4 5 12 14. 3 4 6 13 15. 7 1 12 20 16. 2 1 11 14 17. 10 3 4 14 31 18. 12 2 7 8 29 19. 8 2 11 21 20. 8 3 18 29 Total 109 8 58 202 377

a. Miselection

In this section the writer only mentioned the commonest error that students produced in miselection. The characteristic of miselection is where the wrong item has been chosen in place of the right one. The following table shows some sentences which are classified into miselection. Table 4.8 Table of Miselection Errors Item number SentencePhrase Cause of error Explanation Correction 2 ? No they swim every Friday and Saturday? The student is influenced by the command of yesno question. So, it should be revised • Do they swim every Friday and Saturday? 4 - ? WHQ She doesn’t has English class at ten o’clock today. Does she has English class at ten o’clock today? What time does she has English class today? It was influenced by second language learning. The student after studied positive sentence pattern, heshe tried to apply it in negative and interrogative sentences, but heshe was not So, it should be revised • She doesn’t have English class at ten o’clock today. • Does she have English class at ten o’clock today? • What time does she have English class today? pay attention. There is an exception in changing positive sentence to negative and interrogative sentence. 5 - ? WHQ My mother don’t wash our clothes every day. Do my mother wash our clothes every day? When do my mother wash our clothes? The student suggested My mother is plural and followed by auxiliary do. So, it should be revised • My mother doesn’t wash our clothes every day. • Does my mother wash our clothes every day? • When does my mother wash our clothes? 6 - ? WHQ Mirna doesn’t has breakfast every morning. Does Mirna has breakfast every morning? When does Mirna has breakfast? The student thought that in transforming positive sentence into negative sentence ‘has’ is not changed. In fact, it should be changed by have. ‘Has’ in negative sentence is not an auxiliary but is a verb. So, it should be revised • Mirna doesn’t have breakfast every morning. • Does Mirna have breakfast every morning? • When does Mirna have breakfast? 8 WHQ What does my mother always give? The student was influenced by the previous question. So, it should be revised • What does his mother always give? 10 - ? WHQ Diyas don’t seldom wear shirt. Do Diyas seldom wear shirt? Why do Diyas seldom wear? The student has lack of knowledge about auxiliary. So, it should be revised • Diyas doesn’t seldom wear shirt. • Does Diyas seldom wear shirt? • What does Diyas seldom wear? It was clearly shown in the table that many students in the population of this study encountered the problem in the use of auxiliary, particularly when they failed to identify in transforming affirmative simple present pattern sentences into negative and interrogative in using “has and have”. There are 109 error sentences categorized as having problems with miselection. P = F x 100 N P = 109 x 100 = 28.91 377

b. Misorder

Misorder usually takes place in the word order of a sentence. The students didn’t know where the elements presented are correct. They need more careful in using auxiliary verb and in spelling the letter. Table 4.9 Table of Misorder Errors Item number SentencePhrase Cause of error Explanation Correction 4 - WHQ She hasdoesn’t English class at ten o’clock today. What doestime she has English class today? The student didn’t have knowledge in using negative sentence. So, it should be revised • She doesn’t have English class today? • What time does she have English class today? 6 - Mirna hasdoesn’t breakfast every morning. The student was careless in using negative sentence. So, it should be revised • Mirna doesn’t have breakfast every morning.