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Subject + am, are not + Objectcomplement
Example: They don’t work hard every day.
They are not an employer. You don’t study hard every day.
You are not a clever. We don’t visit our uncle every Sunday.
We are not student. I don’t read newspaper every morning.
I am not a singer.
b For subject He, She, and It Subject + does notdoesn’t +V+ Objectcomplement
Subject + is not + Objectcomplement
Example: She doesn’t work very hard every day.
He is not an employer. She doesn’t study hard every day.
She is not a student. It doesn’t make me happy.
It is not an animal.
3 The patterns of interrogative sentences a YesNo Question
1 For subject I, We, You, and They Do + Subject + V + Objectcomplement ?
am, are + Subject + Objectcomplement ?
Example: Do they work hard every day?
Are they an employer? Do you study hard every day?
Are you a clever? Do we visit our uncle every Sunday?
Are we student? Do I read newspaper every morning?
Am I a singer?
2 For subject He, She, and It
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Does + Subject + V + Objectcomplement ? Is + Subject + Objectcomplement ?
Example: Does he work hard every day?
Is he an employer? Does she study hard every day?
Is she a student? Does it make me happy?
Is it an animal?
b WH Question 1 For subject I, We, You, and They
WH + do + Subject + V + Objectcomplement ? WH + am, are + Subject + Objectcomplement ?
Example: Who do work hard every day?
Who are they? Who do study hard every day?
Why are you clever? When do we visit our uncle?
Who are students? What do I read every morning?
Who are singers?
2 For subject He, She, and It WH + Does + Subject + V + Objectcomplement ?
WH + Is + Subject + Objectcomplement ?
Example: Why does he work hard every day?
Who is he an employer? Who does she study hard every day?
Who is she a student? Who does make me happy?
Who is an animal?
c. The Usage of Simple Present Sentences
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The simple present sentences are commonly used to express:
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1 Talking about permanent situation that happen regularly, repeatedly or all time, for example:
I get up at 5.00 am 2 Timeless truth, for examples:
Heat expands bodies. The earth revolved round the sun.
3 Talking about future events that are time scheduled or expected, for example: Her train leaves at 3 o’clock
The match begins at 9.00 pm. The next flight is at 5.00 tomorrow morning.
4 For proclamations or announcements as follow the sample: The department store announces a sale of floor samples
5 Talking about completed actions and events that haven as we speak or write in demonstrations or commentaries, for example:
The two boxers sparred for some time. Suddenly Joe Louis jump at his opponent and with a terrific upper cut knocks him out for the full count.
6 Formal correspondence, for example: We look forward to hearing from you.
I enclose my check for 100 7 In acclamation sentence with beginning ‘here’ and ‘there’, such as the
following sentences: Here he comes
Here comes the bus There she goes
8 Indicate a state, condition, feeling, perception, etc that continuous at the moment of speaking or writing, for examples:
He likes fish He seems tired
He knows French John prepare films to stage plays
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Http:www.Perfect Your English.comgrammarSimple Present Tense.. html.
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2.
The Way of Transforming Simple Present Sentences
a. Auxiliary Verb
There are the following of ways to transform simple present sentence with using auxiliary verb as the main verb, they are:
1 To transform positive sentence into negative sentence with the subject I, we, you, they, use or add to be “am, are + not” after subjects.
e.g.: You are a doctor
you are not a doctor
They are rich
they are not reach 2 To transform positive statement into negative statement with the subject he,
she, it, use to be “is not” after subjects. e.g.:
He is an English teacher
He is not an English teacher It has brown skin
It doesn’t have brown skin
3 To transform declarative statement into interrogative statement yesno question, move to be auxiliary verb on the beginning of sentence and put a
question mark ? at the end of sentence. e.g.:
He is an English teacher
Is she an English teacher? It has brown skin
Does it have brown skin?
4 To transform affirmative sentence into interrogative sentence WH question which has an objectcomplement, substitute it by using interrogative pronoun
or word questions what, who, when, where, how, etc based on using their functions and put a question mark ? at the end of sentence.
e.g.: he has some books
What does he have?
It has brown skin
Who does have the brown skin?
b. Verb Tense
The ways transforming simple present sentence which has verb V1Ves,s can be presented as follow:
1 To transform positive sentence into negative sentence with the subject I, we, you, they, use or add to be “am, are + do notdon’t” after subjects.
e.g.: They song loudly
they don’t song loudly I watch TV every night
I don’t watch TV every night
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2 To transform positive statement into negative statement with the subject he, she, it, use to be “does notdoesn’t” after subjects.
e.g.: she drinks a glass of milk
she doesn’t drink a glass of milk He watches TV every night He doesn’t watch TV every night
3 To transform declarative statement into interrogative statement yesno question, move to be auxiliary verb on the beginning of sentence and put a
question mark ? at the end of sentence. e.g.:
she drinks a glass of milk does she drink a glass of milk?
He watches TV every night does he watch TV every night? 4 To transform affirmative sentence into interrogative sentence WH question
which has an objectcomplement, substitute it by using interrogative pronoun or word questions what, who, when, where, how, etc based on using their
functions and put a question mark ? at the end of sentence e.g.:
she drinks a glass of milk What does she drink?
He watches TV every night when does he watch TV?
C. The Relevant Studies
There are two other researchers studying about Transforming Affirmative to Negative and Interrogative Sentences of Simple Present; they are, Aprilianto,
and Lailatussaidah. They explained their study as follow: The first researcher, Aprilianto, researched a case study focusing on
analyzing how far the students can comprehend English grammar about transforming affirmative simple present pattern into negative and interrogative
pattern sentences. The purpose of this study was to find out the type of grammatical errors on simple present pattern sentences which are made by the
students at the second years of SMP Negeri 17 Kota Tangerang Selatan. The method that the researcher used to obtain the data was qualitative method and
analyzing some errors. The writer also used descriptive analysis technique percentage to calculate an error frequency. The result was obtained from the
research showed that the most difficulties faced by the student is in using verb tense it was caused of the students’ mother language. But some of student has
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difficulties too in using word question and auxiliary, that all indicate on the result of the research. The teacher should have the ability to comprehend about the
target language usage especially in verb tense. Teacher needs some method to make students easier in understanding material.
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. The last researcher, Lailatussaidah, researched a case study focusing on
analyzing of students’ errors in transforming simple present, present progressive and simple past tense from affirmative into negative and interrogative tense. In the
research, he focused in the subject matter in analyzing English grammatical errors made by the students. The writer uses Betty Schramfer Azar’s error classification
for this research, singular-plural, word order, incomplete sentence, spelling, punctuation, capitalization, article, meaning not clear and run-on sentence. Then
she limits the error classifications, she only uses five of them based on her research findings, verb tense, word order, auxiliary, omission and punctuation.
The method used by the researcher to obtain the data was descriptive qualitative analysis method. The result was obtained from the research showed that the
highest frequency of error made by the students is verb tense with 1150 errors and as the lowest frequency of error made by the students is punctuation with 132
errors. The errors could happen because the students are still influenced by mother tongue interference, besides that they usually take a note about the material but
seldom to read and review it at home and they are lack of media to increase their ability in learning English especially tense. That all indicate on the result of the
research. The teacher should give the student understanding that English is different from Indonesian and they are necessary to do more practice, exercise in
transforming sentences in different tense. Teacher needs to improve quality of teaching by taking part in workshop, seminar etc.
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Eko Wahyu Aprilianto, Analyzing the Students Grammatical errors on Transforming The Simple Present Tense Into Negative and Interrogative Sentences
, 2012, p. 10.
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Lailatussaidah, The analysis of Students’ Errors in Transforming Simple Present, Present Progressive and Simple Past Tense From Affirmative Into Negative and Interrogative
Form , 2011, p.5
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents method of collecting the data such as; Time and place of the research, method of the research, the technique of sample taking, the
procedure of collecting data, and the technique of data analysis.
A. Time and Place of the Research
This research was done from Mei 22
th
2013-March 27
th
2014. It was begun by an observation. In the first day, he came to the school and asked for
permission to the head master to do the research. Then, he observed the teaching learning of transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of
simple present tense, the last he was conducted the research by giving the instrument of the test which was made by him.
The writer did his research at the second year students of SMP YAPERA. That is located on Jl. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo H. Mencong, Paninggilan Utara
No. 62, Ciledug.
B. Method of the Research
The method of this research is a descriptive qualitative analysis discussing the students’ grammatical error on transforming affirmative to negative and
interrogative sentences of simple present tense. In this case, previously she observed the way of English teacher in teaching transforming affirmative to
negative and interrogative sentences of simple present, after that the writer used survey research in order to collect all of the data at the same time.
The analysis involves, firstly, the identification of errors on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of simple present tense which
have been obtained from the students’ test answers. This step is when the frequency of errors is verified. The second step is the classification of the errors.
This step is when the errors of errors on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of simple present tense are classified into some categories.
The next step is the explanation of the errors. The errors on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of simple present tense will be
evaluated in order to figure out the sources of the errors. Then, the final step is to conclude the result of research.
C. The Technique of Sample Taking
There are six classes of the second year students of SMP YAPERA Ciledug, which consists of 210 students. The writer used a Random Sampling
technique to get the representative data. By purposive random sampling technique the writer has only taken 20 students from class VIII-5 as the sample. The writer
gave the test focused on transforming affirmative simple present pattern sentences into negative and interrogative pattern sentences. The test contains 10 questions,
every question divided into 3 parts. The students must transform affirmative into negative sentence, YesNo Question, and WH Question sentences.
D. The Procedure of Collecting Data
To get the specific data, the writer gave the test on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentences of simple present tense to the
second year students of SMP YAPERA to find out the students’ grammatical error. The tests had 10 questions, and each question consists of three commands.
First is transforming positive sentence into negative sentence, the second is transforming positive sentence into yesno question, and the last is transforming
positive sentence into WH Question. The total of the questions are 30 questions.
E. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting data from the test, the students’ grammatical errors on transforming affirmative to negative and interrogative sentence of simple present
tense will be qualitatively analyzed. To conduct An Error Analysis, it requires a certain methodology. James, in Sakoda’s paper, explained the procedures of Error
Analysis that has 6 stages. Stage 0 is for the elicitation and the registration of data, Stage 1 is to make the identification of errors, Stage 2 is to describe the errors,
