C. Objectives of the Study
In accordance with the problem, there are three objectives that need to be achieved in this study. The first objective is aimed to observe and to analyze the
characteristics of adjective stems that can be attached to the prefix {en-} and the suffix {-en}. So that we can see which words can go with the prefix {en-} and go
with the suffix {-en}. The second objective is aimed to analyze the changes in meaning and phonology analysis of the Deadjectival verb affix {en} after the
process. The third objective is to identify the differences in which word can be attached to prefix or suffix then analyze the reason why affixes {en} have to be
attached separately if the result will be similar.
D. Definition of Terms
In order to avoid the different perception about the concepts and terminologies this is used in this study. The definitions of terms in this study are:
1.
Roots and Stem Roots
or bases are the morphemes free or bound that carry the principal or basic concept, idea or meaning in a word. Stems are free roots to which
derivational affixes have been added or are likely to be added. The part of a word
which an affix is attached to is called base. The writer will use the term root to
refer to bases that cannot be analyzed further into morphemes. The term ‘stem’ is
usually used for bases of inflections, and occasionally also for bases of derivational affixes. To avoid terminological confusion, the writer will avoid the
use of the term ‘stem’ altogether and speak of ‘roots’ and ‘bases’ only. Based on
these two definitions, Roots and stems are the base which contain basic concept in a word where the affixes are attach to Katamba, 1993:41-42.
2. Phonological Conditioning:
The process of allomorphs change into different morphemes in the same phonological alternation that occur in the similar phonological environment. This
means that the allomorphs represent the morpheme in a particular context whose phonological properties are similar to those sound found in a neighboring
allomorph of the other morpheme Katamba, 1993:28-33. 3.
The Deadjectival Verb: Deadjectival verb is conversion verbs formed from adjective. It means that
the verb is formed by adding affixes to adjective Quirk et al, 1985.
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter elaborates the studies done by other researchers on similar topics and reviews some theories applied in this thesis. The studies similar to this
thesis are taken from Illya Kim Coutrier and Review of Word Formation theory. Each study is reviewed to find the weakness and the strength of each study in
order to develop this thesis and avoid topic duplication. Some theories applied are also reviewed and discussed to find solid ground on which this thesis is carried
on.
A. Review of Related Studies
1. Review of Illya Kim Coutrier’s Thesis: “The –en Affixation: its impact
on the Argument Structure.
This thesis was meant to find that the –en affixation generated derived verbs
and provided great impacts to the argument structure of a sentence or a valence of predicate. The basic lexicon after receiving the
–en affixation changed the nature of the verb and the number of required argument. The derived verbs might require
either one, two or three arguments. Illya Kim’s study is to find the comparison the word before receiving the
–en affixation to the derived verbs after the –en affixation. The argument structure of the
–en derived verbs was analyzed not only in term of their overt roles.
Illya Kim compared the word before receiving the –en affixation to the
derived verbs after the –en affixation. The argument structure of the –en derived
verbs was analyzed not only in terms of their overt rules but also their covert
rules. The analysis results showed that their three types of the covert rules found in the
–en derived verbs namely, the deletable rules, the coreferential rules and the lexicalized rules.
This thesis presented that the –en affixation as a prefix or as suffix distributes
transitivity to a sentence. The –en derived verb is classified into intransitive verb
when it requires a one place argument. The –en transitive verb requires more than
one argument. Then, the writer came to the conclusion that the en affixation had impact to the argument structure.
This present thesis develops Illya Kim’s thesis and answers questions which
were not elaborated in her or his thesis. It uses some data from Illya Kim’s thesis as secondary data to complete all data concerning the terms related to -en
affixation. In addition to that, the thesis focuses in –en affixation base on the
adjective. This present thesis propose the process affixation of deadjectival verbs in which {
–en} derived verbs have to be separated from the prefix and suffix when they have the same process.
2. Review of Word-Formation Rule
According to Halle 1973, most of the English Speakers know the word transformation and the correct order on the component morphemes. It can be
concluded that the grammar must follow the significance of morpheme order. Halle introduces the question of lexical idiosyncrasy by turning to derived
nominalization in English. A word can be idiosyncratic in several ways; semantically have some unpredictable aspect in their meaning, phonologically
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