14 One
’s authority can be powerful and oppressed the powerless. The power consists of three types. According to Mills as cited in Elwell, 2002
1. Authority: power justifies by the beliefs of the voluntarily obedient.
2. Manipulation: power wielded to the powerless.
3. Coercion: the final form of power, where the powerless are forced to obey
the powerful. From those types, the coercion usually appears in a society. The bourgeoisie
always wants the proletariat to obey and work for them. This condition emerges alienation for people, particularly the proletariat. Next, the alienation is a
condition where an individual lives in a distance of something. For Marx, most individuals are alienated from themselves and others in the society. In addition,
the alienation explodes individuals to be victimised and dehumanised so that it needs struggle to have them humanised.
3. Theory of Katresnanism
Theory of Katresnanism is a critical theory which derived from Javanese philosophy. According to Herujiyanto 2001 in Katresnan Criticism states that
―theory of katresnanism divine love is a term which refers to the result of an inductive work functioning as a reminder and an invitation éling-kèlingan of
one’s true self jati diri and one’s existence which was granted due to katresnan divine love as soon as one was born p. 2. Based on this meaning,
Katresnanism has a positive way of thinking which leads everyone to have positive deeds in every his daily situation. Katresnanism gives an opportunity for
15 everyone to find who he or she is. Therefore, everyone can develop him or herself.
In another word, it can be used to explain som eone’s true self.
There are 33 aos or principles of Katresnanism up to now which can be applied to analyse
one’s behaviour and the reason behind it positively. Herujiyanto 2001 also adds the 33 aos of Katresnanism theory:
1. It celebrates feelings of needs to learn andhap asor.
2. It shows the concern and care for others andhom slamet.
3. It reasons that quandary or predicament may also be there due to the goal
angon mangsa. 4.
It intents appreciating others atur panuwun. 5.
It calls to become a model of learning banyu sinaring. 6.
It promotes working for the sake of best for others binerkahan. 7.
It requires changing practice in the light of the appraisal and versatile cancut taliwondo.
8. It celebrates doing honestly and truthfully citra wicita wicitra.
9. It promotes applying calculated steps duga prayoga.
10. It celebrates holding a peace and happy ending yatna yuwana. 11.
It promotes welcoming and wishing good luck others kasugengan. 12.
It highlights believing in the long run kraton nDalem. 13. It promotes gratitude due to any situation granted lothong kemayangan.
14. It involves explaining and identifying the purpose in the sense of beneficial mission and objective migunani.
15. It urges trying it out
—presenting reliable deeds mrantasi.
