In her thesis under title An Analysis of Esther’s Psychopath Problem in
Orphan Film Viewed from Psychoanalysis Theory by Sigmund Freud , the
character of Esther is her focus. This character is analyzed to know what is the psychopathic problem experienced by her. Her analysis uses
descriptive qualitative as a method by explaining about the intrinsic and extrinsic elements of film, such as dialogue and the scene. Furthermore,
she analyzes them using psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud. The result of this research is that Ester‟s character has a mental disorder called
psychopath with the characteristic of liar, manipulative, impulsive, and aggressive. It is caused by the imperfect of Esther‟s psychosexual
development which stops in phallic stage. The similarity between this research and my research is using
Sigmund Freud‟s personality structure as the theory to analyze the character in the movie. The difference is my research does not use
psychosexual development to know the sex development of the character as the foundation of her psychopathic problem.
Based on the explanation above, the first research uses the same corpus with the writer, The Call. The other researches use personality
structure by Sigmund Freud as the theory. However, they use different concerns with the writer in doing the research. In this research, the writer
concerns with the relationship of Michael Foster‟s character and his
personality problem which has the influences in his present time.
B. Definition of Movie
Movie is a kind of art. Movie itself is defined as a motion picture that has so many elements in there. Character, plot, theme, and movie
director are some examples of movie‟s elements. Those elements then join
together and give a big contribution in making a movie with the business people.
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Movie concerns on moving images that communicates to the audience visually and verbally. Movie is like other types of arts, but it
does not use symbol, rhythm, or words on pages to speak. From the beginning until the end, the movie will be presenting images that have
been developed in order to make up the story.
17
Movie is unlimited not only in its choice of subject but also in its approach to the material. It does not talk about present. Sometimes, the
past will have presented to be told. Movie can make a few seconds seem like hours or compress a century into minutes.
18
There are some advantages that can be taken by watching movie. Besides for entertaining the people, movie can educate people at the same
time. There are usually things that are to be conveyed by the director or screenwriter. It could contain cultural issues or global news.
16
Pamusuk Eneste, Novel dan Film Jakarta: Penerbit Nusa Indah, 1991, p. 16.
17
Rudolf Arnhein, Film as Art California: University of California Press, 1957, p. 8.
18
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, The Art of Watching Films New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008, p. 67.
1. Character and Characterization
a Character
To make a film, it takes some significant elements. They can be plot, character, cinematography, setting, sound effect, and so on. One
of the most important elements is character, a person who plays a role as another person and has a tendency to make a problem. Characters
are the basic foundation of screenplay
19
because they build the arrangement of events become powerful, colorful, and attractive. If
there is no character, there will not be a story. The personality of character itself must be trust: strong or weak, old or young, smart or
stupid, wise or hesitant, right or wrong.
20
Those personality can be seen by the way they talk, think, and interact with the others.
Character can be divided into some categories. According to Barsam and Monahan, two of them are major and minor character.
21
Character who is the center figure of story and has an important influence is called major character. It guides us to know who the
characters are and understand how the story happens. What they do in film make something happen and vice versa. Their characteristics are
clear and unpredictable.
22
It raises our tension on watching film. Besides major character, there is minor character that has less
19
Syd Field, Screenplay: the Foundations of screenwriting New York: Dell Publishing, 1979, p. 26.
20
Robert McKee, Story, Substance, Structure, Style, and the Principles of Screenwriting USA: Regan Books, 1999, p. 106.
21
Richard Barsam and Dave Monahan, Looking at Movies: An Introduction to Film USA: W. W. Norton Company, 2010, p. 147.
22
Ibid. ,
important role in the film. His function is just to accompany the major character. His action is predictable
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and still same from the beginning until the end of the story.
b Characterization
Characterization is the sum of all observable qualities of a human being, everything knowable through careful; scrutiny: age and
IQ; sex and sexuality; style of speech and gesture; choices of home, car, and dress,; education and occupation; personality and nervosity;
values and attitudes – all aspects of humanity we would know by
taking notes on someone day in and day out.
24
Characters should be real, understandable, and worth caring about.
25
Characters in the story and the story itself must be same. Both of them are believable.
Characterization in movie can be seen from all aspect. Unlike the novel, movie shows the characters directly and visually. When
someone is told as a murderer, there will be a murder scene in the movie that shows his action.
Characterization through Appearance
The characters in a movie play a very large role. When they appear for the first time, characterization in film has a great deal to
do with casting. A major aspect of film characterization is revealed visually and instantaneously.
26
23
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, Op. Cit., p. 67.
24
Robert McKee, Op. Cit., p. 100101.
25
Joseph M. Boggs and Dennis W. Petrie, Op. Cit., p. 60.
26
Ibid.
