32
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS
The source data to be analyzed are taken from the Psalm of Holy Bible and the selected Psalm is Psalm of David. The writer will be analyzed the data based on
Metaphor according to Keraf 1998:19 . Keraf says metaphor is a kind of analogy that compares two things directly, metaphor as a direct compression
which does not use the word: like, as, if so that the first thing is directly to relieve to the second.In this paper, the writer found many figurative languages in Psalm
of David. That’s why we have to find the figurative meaning to get the
proper or suitable understanding of the sentence in verse of Psalm of David. TABLE
Data analysis of metaphor in selected verses of Psalm of David
NO
TEXT SOURCE METAPHOR
TARGET MEANING
1 But You, O Lord,
are a shield for me, My glory
and the
One who lifts up my head
. a shield , My
glory and the One who lifts
up my head As we know shield is a thing
which human use as a instrument to protection from any
danger.God is compared with Shield. Shield is a large piece of
metal, wood, etc. something that defends or protects someone or
something. Metaphorically, God is Shield. God is a place to take
shelter. We will be safe in God. He assured our salvation and
33 protects us from all dangerous. It
means ability of God to protect us.
2 And He heard me
from His holy hill.
Holy hill The phrase holy hill is a symbol.
It refers to place of God. Where the Lord sits down and lives to
watch us. When we see the literal meaning from the Meriam
Webster dictionary, hill means a usually rounded area of land that
is higher than the land around it but that is not as high as a
mountain. Holy hill represent symbol of heaven, place of
God.where God stay and live there. The heaven is compared
with hill, because as we know, hill represent high and big object,
hill also have very strong and sturdy character and very
beautiful. Holy means pure, spotless, there is no handicap, it
is perfect. This matter show characteristic of very beautiful
34 heaven, holy, big, strength and
sturdy. It symbolizes the place full of love; there is no hated
mind, grace and mercy. So, the power of lethal cannot touch
empire of heaven. 3
Give heed to the voice of my cry,
My King
and my God
My King In this sentence, God is
compared with king. As we know, king is the most someone
who has big power and has influence, king also a strong
man, and represent a leader. It is a symbol of God. He is owner
and creator entire of world content. He who has throne in
empire of heaven and as government in the world. God
top kick arrange life of His people. God have rights of
human life and all decision there is in God hand.
4 For there is no
faithfulness in their mouth;
Their
Their inward part is
destruction; There are two metaphors in this
verse. The first metaphor is Their inward part is destruction.
35
inward part is destruction; Their
throat is an open tomb
; Their throat is
an open tomb; Metaphorically, This symbolized
unrighteous someone and does not has good attitude. Their brain
always think bad things.The second metaphor is their throat is
an open tomb. Literally, we can see that according to dictionary
by Meriam Webster, tomb is a building or chamber above or
below the ground in which a dead body is kept. Grave is
carcass place or dead body. Meanwhile, throat is the tube
inside the neck that leads to the stomach and lungs’ the front part
of the neck. But metaphorically it is a symbol about people who
take a fancy to rot. Do not like to say downrightly. it device of
people who eat ill gotten food and work from illicit way.
5
My defense is of God
, Who saves the upright in heart.
My defense is of God
Literally, according to Oxford dictionary defense means
protection against attack, the act
36 of protecting something from
attack, criticism, etc. And metaphorically, God is shelter
from all danger. He will save His oppressed people. The help will
directly solve our problems because God understands and
knows what we need and His help never be late. He will make
all right in that time. 6
God is a just judge
, And God is angry with the
wicked every day God is a just
judge The word judge means someone
who determines right act and wrong act. If we see the literal
meaning from the Meriam Webster dictionary, word judge
means a person who has the power to make decision on cases
brought before a court of law: a person who decides the winner in
a contest or competition: a person who makes a decision or
judgment. So, in this verse means God has power to make
decisions and gives a
37 punishment. He is wise and a fair
God in seeing every case. God see what we do, good and or bad.
Theres nothing hidden for Him. He knows all truth.
7 You have crowned
him with glory and honor.
Crowned him with glory and
honor. In literal meaning, crown means
a decorative object that is shaped like a circle and worn on the
head of a king or queen for special ceremony. We know a
crown is precious. Not all of people can have it. But
figuratively, That clause is compared with the
lovingkindness of Lord to human. And in that clause God is
crowned us with glory and honor. Our God really love us. He never
underestimates His people. He create human being draw with
Himself. Even He volunteer gives His soul to redeem human
sin and save them from hell. 8
You have put all put all things This clause is also compared
38
things under his feet,
under his feet, with the lovingkindness of Lord
to human. Metaphorically, this clause means God give right to
human to use all His creation. God award brain for human
being to think. So that human can explore natural resources to
fullfill requirement of human because God is very loves us, His
people. 9
The Lord also will
be a refuge for the oppressed, A
refuge in times of trouble.
a refuge for the oppressed, A
refuge in times of trouble.
The Word of refuge is a symbol which is compared with God.
According to Meriam Webster dictionary word refuge means
shelter or protection from danger or trouble: a place that provides
shelter or protection. It is same like personality of our God. God
will always become a save place to people who trust and hope to
Him. His Kindliness has never changed. He will remain to take
care of His people. 10
Sing praises to the who dwells in In this verse, ‘who dwells in
39
Lord, who dwells in Zion
Zion Zion symbolizes the heaven, it a
place of God to reside. The city that God has prepared for the
people trust in God and to the faithful people. Sion is peaceful
place for the people of God choice.
11 That I may tell of
all Your praise In the gates of the
daughter of Zion
In the gates of the daughter of
Zion This clause is belonging to the
metaphor; because this clause is intend to symbolize the gate of
Heaven. Daughter of Sion mean all resident of Israel who also
represent symbol of God’s people, they are who trust in
name of Jesus Christ. 12
They speak idly everyone with his
neighbor; with
flattering lips and a double heart
they speak. Flattering lips
and a double heart.
There are two metaphors in this verse. Flattering lips is a phrase
which is compared to someone cleverness in talk.
Metaphorically, flattering lips means someone who can assure
others and make people trust to heshe word but heshe do not
say as downright as, they tell
40 beautiful things but its fact on the
contrary. Meanwhile, double
heart is compared to someone that unfaithfully people, someone
who has cunning mind and plans bad things and also represent
character of unbelievable people. 13
The words of the
Lord are
pure words
pure words As we know pure is clearest
condition, it is a clear something, nature and free from dust.
According to Meriam Webster dictionary word pure is not
mixed with anything else: clean and not harmful in any way:
having a smooth and clear sound that is not mixed with other
sounds. Metaphorically, Words of God is compared with pure
words. Word of God is real correct word, and only
containing about truth, it is not defect and God will not impinge
His promise. He surely coincide all of His word.
41 14
But the Lord is his refuge
Lord is his refuge
According to Meriam Webster dictionary word refuge means
shelter or protection from danger or trouble: a place that provides
shelter or protection As we know the Word of refuge is a
protection place. It is a symbol which is compared with God. It
is same like personality of our God. God become benefactor for
every problem. He always have the way to help, he always have
the way of inscrutable in every overcoming the problem of
human being. Theres nothing imposible to Him.
15 Oh, that the
salvation of Israel
would come out of Zion
come out of Zion
Sion is device for Place of God, or for the people of Allah, where
God stay with them. And Place of God shade together with
people who love him and following God’s way by their
heart and do not manipulate. 16
O Lord, You are the portion of my The phrase portion of my
42
portion of my inheritance and
my cup
inheritance and my cup
inheritance and my cup is a symbol of God. Literally,
inheritance means he money, property, etc. that you receive
from somebody when they die; the fact of receiving something
when somebody dies. And cup means a small container shaped
like a bowl, usually with a handle, used for drinking tea,
coffe, etc. Metaphorically, God is compared to very precious
things. The most valuable thing, uncountable price. This
symbolizes God help and God kindliness is very amazing. It is
unpredicable price. God is a victory device for every people.
When we get Jesus Christ, we have got altogether, if we trust to
Him. Even we on a trial, and in difficult adversity, we do not be
fear because God along with us. We have to trust in God, He will
43 give abundance blessing for us.
17 I will love You, O
Lord, my strength.
My strength In this verse, God is symbolized
as strength of human. God is strength for every one who
require. God have never left His people. He devoted to always
help and become arm rest to every weak people.
18 The Lord is my
rock and my fortress and my
deliverer ; My God,
my strength , in
whom I will trust;
My shield and the
horn of my salvation, my
stronghold.
My rock, my fortress, my
deliverer, my strength, my
shield, and the horn of my
salvation, my stronghold.
There are seven symbols that are compared with God in this verse.
The words rock, fortress, deliever, strength, shield, horn of
salvation and stronghold are kinds of symbol of God. The real
meaning of rock is the hard solid material that forms part of the
surface of the earth and some other planet. Literally, fortress
means a building or place that hass been made stronger and
protected against attack, deliverer means someone who gives
somebody or something to somebody else so that they are
44 under this person’s control.
Strength means the quality of being physically strong. Shield
means a large piece of metal or leather carried by soldiers in the
past to protect the body when fightin. And stronghold means an
area in which there is a lot of support for a particular belief or
group of people, especially a political party. Metaphorically,
tohose symbol means God has strong power and awful. There is
nothing can contest strength of God. He is Omnipoten God. It
means God always can solve every humans problems. He will
not let us in our problem. His Love as devoted as everlasting
forever.God is also compared with horn of my salvation.
Literally, according to Oxford dictionary horn means a hard
pointed part that grows, usually
45 in pairs, on the heads of some
animals, such as sheep, and cows. Horns are often curved.
Figuratively it means Jesus becomes the Leader of human
who brings all the people to the Salvation from the Lord through
His suffering in the world. God volunteer give His soul, because
He really love us. So that, He is crucified to redeem humans sin
and save them from lethal.So, those phrases are to symbolize
the action of God. 19
As for God, His
way is perfect; The word of the Lord
is proven ; He is a
shield to all who trust Him.
The word of the Lord is proven;
Literally, the word proven deals with anything that is good, holy,
and honest. It is related to compare the characteristic or
quality of word of the Lord. God has never impinged His promise.
He surely coincide every His promise. Word of God is never
wrong. 20
The Lord lives Blessed be my This metaphor is same with
46
Blessed be my Rock
Let the God of my salvation be
exalted. Rock
metaphor before. As we know our God has strong power and
awful. There is nothing can contest strength of God. He is
Omnipoten God. He always can solve every humans problem. He
will not let us in our problem. 21
Let the words of my mouth and the
meditation of my heart
Be acceptable in Your
sight, O Lord, my
strength and my Redeemer.
My heart be acceptable in
Your sight, In this verse, if we read the
sentence, we will find the clause ‘Be acceptable in Your sight’. If
it is interpreted literally, according to Oxford dictionary
acceptable means agreed or approved of by most people in a
society and sight means the ability to see, when we read the
literal meaning of that verse that is our heart will sit down in the
God’s sight and also means at God’s part of body, the meaning
have no sense. Figuratively, the phrase is a symbol. The phrase
‘acceptable in your sight’ symbolizes the precious position
47 in God’s House that is heaven.
So, that clause is the compared with the precious position in the
heaven. If we close to God, We will feel happy and full of peace
and we will feel His affection in our daylife.
22 May He send you
help from the sanctuary
, And strengthen you out
of Zion; The Sanctuary
Again in this verse the word ‘Sanctuary’ is a kind of symbol.
Literally, Sanctuary means an area where wild birds or animals
are protected and encourage breeding. Here, Sanctuary is
compared with the Heaven Palace, which is a place of God.
It describes how high and holy the Place of Jesus is. He is nobler
than the entire things in the world.
23
The Lord is my shepherd
; I shall not want
The Lord is my shepherd
Literally shepherd means someone who keeps and takes
care of his livestock. A shepherd always gives food to his
livestock and save them from
48 dangerous. But metaphorically,
for this verse, shepherd explains God personality, Who is
Responsible, care us, love us and bring us to right place and keep
us from evil. He willingly crucified to atone for human sin.
Because Lord does not want us falling in devil’s hand. He likes
to save us from death to everlasting life. Our Lord very
love us, we are his. 24
Who is this King of Glory ? The Lord
of hosts, He is the
King of glory .
King of glory The phrase ‘King of glory’ is a
symbol. It is to symbolize Gods
personality and describe blessing of the Lord for human, so He
deliver His only Son, that is Jesus Christ to become human
being and crucified as ransom of humans sin.The writer concludes
it as metaphor because this verse compares a kind of king king of
glory.
49 25
Lead me in Your truth and teach me,
For You are the God of my
salvation
You are the God of my
salvation In this verse ‘God of my
salvation’ is a kind of symbol. It is symbol of God’s personality.
Figuratively, the meaning is Allah comes to the world in the
form of human, and He called Jesus Christ. He volunteer
deliver His soul and crucified above wood crucify as ransom of
human sins, to be they save from lethal hell.
26
All the paths of the Lord are
mercy and truth
, To such as keep His
covenant and His testimonies.
All the paths of the Lord are
mercy and truth There are two symbols that are
compared with two essential things in God’s paths. The first is
mercy; mercy is the symbol of the basic principles of God’s
paths. The way to follow God is we have to loving each other.
There is no reason to be vindictive and revenge. We have
to reciprocate badness with kindliness.The second term that
is used is truth. As non-literally,
50 it symbolizes character in
following God. God always teach the truth. We have to do good act
in our life and follow all His commemoration and do not
impinge His order. 27
In whose hands is a sinister scheme
,
And whose right hand is full of
bribes.
Whose hands is a sinister
scheme, right hand is full of
bribes. In this verse, there are two things
that symbolising the characteristic wicked people who
againts Allah. First, whose hands is a sinister scheme. Figuratively,
it means People who like to do lowly deed and everything that
God’s hate. Second, right hand is full of bribes. It means act of
people who like to conduct inequitable action and insincere.
28 A Psalm of David.
The Lord is my light and my
salvation
The Lord is my light and my
salvation In this verse, God is symbolized
with two things. Light and rescuer.Literary, light means the
energy from the sun, a lamp, etc. that makes it possible to see
things. Figuratively, it means Light is good thing. So, Allah
51 dissociates light and darkness,
goodness with badness. God is indicator of truth and bring us to
the kindness for will always give happiness and peace. Second,
salvation. This means, God becomes guarantee to human for
live in gladness and peaceful life. Because human have been saved
from within lethal into everlasting life.
29 Save Your people, And bless Your
inheritance;
Shepherd them
also, And bear them up forever.
Shepherd them There is a verb of this verse as a
metaphor of God’s work. In dictionary, shepherd is a person
whose job is to take care of sheep. Figuratively, it means
Jesus; the God will take care of us and bring us to life. He will
always look after our life, which bless our life with abundance
blessing and take care of us from all devils trouble.
30 The voice of the
Lord is powerful; The voice of the
Lord is full of There is a symbol that is
compared with essential things in
52
The voice of the Lord is full of
majesty .
majesty. God’s words in this verse. It is
majesty, according to the Oxford dictionary, majesty means the
impressive and attractive quality that something has. But as non-
literally, it is the symbol of the God’s oracles, His words. This
verse explains Gods word have power. Every His word will be
done. It is the same as like he create world. He neednt be tired
to make the perfect world. He is only conducting it just with
utterance, hence all of that becoming.
31 For day and night
Your hand was
heavy upon me; My vitality was turned
into the drought of summer.
My vitality was turned into the
drought of summer.
In this verse, My vitality was turned into the drought of
summer is compared with feeling of someone who get punishment
from God for their sins which they do.
32 You are my hiding
place ; You shall
preserve me from You are my
hiding place In this verse, God is analogy as
shelter. It means symbol of God personality. The Safety is only in
53 trouble; You shall
surround me with songs of
deliverance. God. When we have big
problem and despair, God will become entertainer for us and
give glad, peace and blessing for us.
33 The young lions
lack and suffer hunge
r; But those who seek the Lord
shall not lack any good thing.
The young lions lack and suffer
hunger Literary, in Oxford dictionary
Lion means a large wide cat that lives mainly in Africa.
Figuratively, the word young lions is a kind of symbol. It refers
to people who not afraid to God. They are people who do not have
pleasure in God. 34
Lord, how long will You look on?
Rescue me from their destructions,
My precious Life from the lions
. My precious
Life from the lions.
According to the Meriam Webster dictionary that the
meaning of the word lion is a large wide cat that lives mainly
in Africa. The lion is a symbol of humans enemy, devil. Devil is
arch-enemy of human. He always try to make human become
sinner in variously way, the devil often use human who does not
follow God seriously to destroy
54 life of Gods people.
35 Your righteousness
is like the great mountains;
Your judgments are a
great deep ;
Your judgments are a great deep
There is a symbol that is compared with essential things in
God’s works in this verse. it is great deep, according to the
Meriam Webster dictionary deep means having a large distance to
the bottom from the surface or highest point: going far inward
from the outside or the front edge of something: located far inside
something.But as non-literally, it is the symbol of the God’s
works, His judgement.This verse explain God is a fair judge. No
one can againt law of God. There is no one who can change it.
36 They are
abundantly satisfied with the fullness of
Your house, And You give them
drink from the river of Your
The river of Your pleasures.
In this verse, the phrase ‘The river of your pleasure is a kind of
symbol of blessed from God. Literally, according to Meriam
Webster dictionary, river means a large natural flow of water that
crosses an area of land and goes
55
pleasures. into an ocean, a lake, etc. but
metaphorically, in this verse it means Gods blessing is always
continuing in human life. God will never stop to blessing in
human life. He will give all the best for human.
37 For with You are the fountain of
life ; In Your light
we see light. You are the
fountain of life The phrase ‘fountain of life’ is a
kind of symbol of God’s personality. In Oxford dictionary
fountain means a structure from which water is sent up into the
air by a pump, used to decorate parks and gardensyards..
Metaphorically, it means God give a life to human. He exhale
his breath to make human live. As we know, God is the creator
of human and all things in this world. He create human of dirt,
and human get life from soul of God. Human does not live
without God in their life. 38
My heart was hot My heart was In this verse, the sentence My
56 within me; While I
was musing, the fire burned.
hot heart was hot is a device of
human soul. Logically, heart of human can not feel heat like
human hit by fire. Metaphorically, this means
jumpy human because of existing grief in their life. This is a
comparison about Feeling of human who does not have peace,
because they have so many grief and harsh test in their life.
39 Surely every man
is vapor .
Every man is vapor.
In this verse, word vapor means a device of personality of human.
In Oxford Dictionary word vapor means a mass of very
smallest drops of liquid in the air, for example steam: water vapour.
Metaphorically, this means human is not something without
existence of God. Human life is only whereas. All things that
human has is nothing, it is not. The endless and everlasting is
only God. Human does not need
57 to be arrogant to what they have,
because all that things are properties of God.
40 He also brought me
up out of a horrible pit, Out of the miry
clay, And set my feet upon a rock
, And established my
steps set my feet
upon a rock The clause set my feet upon a
rock is a symbol of God’s help. Writer concludes that it is a
metaphora. Because clause the set rock a upon feet my is a
comparison of way of God in saving human from all
dangers.Literally, rock means the hard solid material that forms
part of the surface of the earth and
some other palnets. Metaphorically, God will always
set His people in the most peaceful place.He will never let
His people in sorrow. God will strenght our heart and give us
peaceful and grace. Because God is always help us.
41 Oh, that
the salvation of Israel
would come out of tha the salvation
of Israel In this verse, Israel is a symbol of
selected people of God. Literally, Israel means kingdom in ancient
58 Zion
Palestine comprising the lands occupied by the Hebrew people:
country SW Asia bordering on the Mediteranian; a republic
established 1948, Jesrusa;em area 7993 square miles.
Metaphorically Israel means People who follow Jesus and
believe Yesus is God, Allah who become human, comes to the
world to cath siner and save them from their sin by death in crucifix
wood. Israel is device of people who trust to Yesus as God and
savior. it is not mean only nation of Israel who get salvation of
God but every person who trust in Jesus.
42
The words of his mouth were
smoother than butter
, But war was in his heart;
His Words were
The words of his mouth were
smoother than butter.
His Words were softer than oil.
In this verse, there are three things that symbolized word of
wicked; those are they who are unconvinced to God. First, The
words of his mouth were smoother than butter. Their word
59
softer than oil, Yet they were drawn
swords.
Yet they were drawn swords.
is compared to slipperier than the butter. Second, his Words were
softer than oil. This sentence also a symbol of word of people who
do not afraid to God. Third, word of people who againt the Lord is
compared with drawn sword. Metaphorically, this means they
like tell a lie. They are the expert in cheating and tell a lie. They
able to influence other by their words. But them have bad
intention and destroy others. Their word sounds good but not
practically. They are only wishing to drop and make others
suffer.
43 Be merciful to me,
O God, be merciful to me For my soul
trusts in You; And
in the shadow of Your wings
I will in the shadow
of Your wings The phrase in the shadow of
Your wings is a symbol of God. In this verse, God has wings, but
it is not mean, if God is like a Bird. This is only a comparison
that we will be saved and
60 make my refuge
comfort in God protection. We sure can face all problem if God
along us. He will help us; God can do it.
44 My soul is among
lions ; I lie among
the sons of men Who are set on
fire
, Whose teeth are spears and
arrows, And their tongue a sharp
sword. My soul is
among lions. Sons of men
Who are set on fire.
In this verse, there are two metaphors which symbolized
about demon. First, in fact, the soul of that human is not really
among lion. And soul has no figure or form. Metaphorically, it
means someone who does not feel peace or happy. Someone
who feel fear and jumpy. And in this case, devil does not show its
form directly. But they continue to try to make someone suffer by
use others human. Second, sons of men who are set on fire, the
sons of men which in intention are all team of cruel demons and
they are very virulent. They are creature which always wish
human fall into sin and propagate grief to human.
61 45
Break out the fangs of the
young lions,
O Lord the fangs of the
young lions Actually, the fangs of the young
lion is part of Lion body which in there sharp and sharply tooth.
But metaphorically, it is a kind of symbol of Demon weapon.
Demon also has weapon and ability to mastering and grinding
human. But our God has more power in command to break evil
power, demon power and defeat them. God is undefeated and
unbeaten. Power of God will break demons.
46 I will wait for You,
O You his Strength;
For God is my defense
God is my defense
Literally, in Meriam Webster dictionary defense means the act
of defending someone or something from attack:
something that is used to protect yourself, your country, etc. In
this verse, God is compared with defense. It means human life will
be saved in God. Nothing; There is no power of badness which can
reach God people. Because God
62 is always with us, surround us.
We are never alone in all our problems. God always provide
punctual help in the right time. 47
To You, O my Strength, I will sing
praises; For God is
my defense, My God of mercy.
My God of mercy.
In this verse, the phrase ‘God of mercy’ is a kind of symbol of
God’s characteristic. It symbolizes God is full of love;
there is no hated mind, grace and mercy. When we see the literal
meaning from the Meriam Webster dictionary, Mercy means
kind of forgiving treatment of someone who could be treated
harshly: kindness or help given to people who are in a very bad
or desperate situation. In conclusion, it is a symbol of the
God’s characteristic. God always forgive human sin. Though we
are full of sin, we often do despicable deed and impinge all
prohibition order of God, God is never hate us. He will always
63 give pardon and teach us so that
we do not fall down deeper again. Gods Love is forever and
everlasting and there is no love like Jesuss love.
48 Gilead is Mine, and
Manasseh is Mine;
Ephraim also is the helmet for My
head; Judah is My lawgiver.
Ephraim also is the helmet for
Ephraim also is the helmet for
My head; My
head; Judah is My lawgiver.
Ephraim is the younger son of Joseph; adopted by Jacob Gen
48 : 1ff; ancestor of one of the most powerful of the 12 tribes of
Israel. Ephraim is a symbol of human, God’s people. And in
this verse, Ephraim is the helmet for My head is a comparison of
human for God. Judah is the forth son of Jacob, by Leah Gen
29:31,35; Ancestor of the tribe of Judah. Judah is also a symbol
of us, people of Lord. It means we are property of God. We are
the part of Christ body andw We are very majesty and precious for
Allah. 49
Moab is My washpot
; Over Moab is My
washpot. It is same like the previous
metaphor; moab is a symbol of
64 Edom I will cast
My shoe; Philistia,
shout in triumph
because of Me. God’s people. Moab is name of a
city and a nation who fear and trust in God. it represent the
device of people who have the pleasure before Allah, people
who is always accept the blessing from God.
50 For You have been
a shelter for me, A strong tower from
the enemy.
You have been a shelter.
A strong tower.
In this verse, there are two things which is symbolized Gods
personality. First, A Shelter. God is compared with A shelter. In
Oxford Dictionary word shelter means the fact of having a place
to live or stay, considered as a basic human needed. But
metaphorically, it means same as like metaphor before, God is a
safety place to His people. We will feel peace and happy in God.
God always protects His people from all kinds of danger. And
help of God is never late. Second, A strong Tower.
Literally, according to Oxford
65 dictionary word tower means a
tall narrow building or part of a building, especially in church or
castle. But in this case, God is not really a tower; it is only a
device that God is gallant and strong buttonhole. There is no
one can contest His strength. He defeat the demon, He breaking
out power of the lethal and we free from devil shackle and our
God protect us from all danger. 51
In God is my
salvation and my glory;
The rock of my strength, And
my refuge, is in God.
my glory; Word glory is compared with
God. Metaphorically, for this verse, glory explains God
personality, Who is full of love and mercy and really love us, His
child. 52
Surely men of low degree are a
vapor , Men of high
degree are a lie; If they are Weighed
on the scales, They
Men of low degree are a
vapor. They are
altogether lighter than
Metaphorically, Wind is device of human. Human is compared
with wind. There is no everlasting thing in this world
includ of Human. Human has limit for life. Human cant live
66
are altogether lighter than vapor
. vapor.
forever in this world. They will be dying in a time. Estae and
throne are means nothing. Properties, honorary, and
greatness which human have is only whereas and will lose when
they die. 53
They shall fall by
the sword; They shall be a portion
for jackals .
They shall be a portion for
jackals. The senctence They shall be a
portion for jackals is a compared with Punishment to wicked
people. Cruel people, people who make a bad plan to others. When
we interpreted it in literal meaning, God does not really
make them become dogfood; the sentence is only a analogy. But
metaphorically, it means God punish them by torturing them.
God will give circumstantial grief and pain for them. They
will feel suffer and sad for punishment which they get.
Because God is fair, He will reciprocate according to deed of
67 them.
54 They devise
iniquities: We have perfected a
shrewd scheme. Both the inward
thought and the heart of man are
deep
. Thought and the
heart of man are deep.
In this verse, the sentence Thought and the heart of man are
deep represent comparison of human. According to Meriam
Webster dictionary word deep means having a large distance
from the top or surface to the botom. Metaphorically, the
meaning of deep is not like in dictionary. Human’s heart is not
really has meaning like in dictionary. Humans heart does
not measure. It is a symbol of human characteristic. It means,
we cant read someone. We have never known what they thinkand
what they tell in their heart. we cant guess it.
55
A father of the fatherless, a
defender of widows,
Is God in
His holy
A father of the fatherless, a
defender of widows.
His holy There are three existing metaphor
in this verse. First, a father of the fatherless is a symbol God.
Literally, in Meriam Webster dictionary word father means a
68
habitation .
habitation. male parent of a child. So,
metaphorically God is compared with father. It means God always
hold responsible for human life. Hold responsible to weak people
and keep their life.Second, a defender of widows is also
comparison of role of God. According to Meriam Webster
dictionary word defender means a person who defends and
believes in protecting something. Metaphorically, it is same like
previous metaphor, in this case, God is benefactor to poor people,
hopelessly. Lord is ta helper for people who feel alone and think
they have no a hope. But God see all of His people. He has never
missed from His people. He always understands every
situation of human. Third, His holy habitation is a symbol of
God’s place. It symbolizes the
69 place which is there is no sin
there and that place is full of love and kindness; there is no hated
mind, grace and mercy. It is a place where There is no badness,
there is no inveighing. That place is a very beautiful place and full
of dignity. 56
They have seen Your procession, O
God, The procession of my
God, my King, into
The sanctuary
. The sanctuary.
it is same like metaphor before, word sanctuary is also a symbol
of Heaven where God stay.Here, Sanctuary is compared with the
place of God. It describes how high and holy the Place of Jesus
is. He is nobler than the entire things in the world. Heaven is
luxuriant and most beautiful place.
57 Those who hate
me without a cause Are more
than the hairs of my head
; They are mighty who would
Those who hate me without a
cause Are more than the hairs of
my head In this verse, the sentence Those
who hate me without a cause are more than the hairs of my head is
a symbol of amount of humans enemy, the demon. Literally, hair
means the substance looks like a
70 destroy me, Being
my enemies wrongfully
mass of thr threads growing especially on the head.
Metaphorically, it does not mean the amount of them like a piece
of hair. But, it means that human has so many enemies.
58 Those who sit in
the gate speak
against me, And I am the song of the
drunkards.
I am the song of the drunkards.
I am the song of the drunkards is comparison of someone
becoming topic discussion of others.Literally, song means a
short piece of music with words that you sing. But
metaphorically, this means someone who is always
discussed by others. Someone which always become topic
discussion for other people because hisher deportment.
Everything what heshe makes will always jeered; it is a mistake
to others. 59
A perverse heart shall depart from
me ; I will not know
A perverse heart
The phrase A perverse heart is a symbol of human characteristic.
Literally, heart means the organ
71 wickedness.
in the chest that sends blood around the body. Metaphorically,
A perverse heart it is not about form, it does not mean that
humans heart has bent form. But it is a comparison of unrighteous
human and likes to plan badness things and think of unrighteous
things, all things which Gods hate.
60 For He knows our
frame;He
remembers that we are dust
. we are dust.
Literally, according to Meriam Webster dictionary word dust
means a fine powder that consists of very small pieces of sand,
earth, etc. Metaphorically, it means human is nothing. Human
is nothing without God in their life. For everything what human
human have, everythings what they get is a blessing of God. All
of that is God-given. Everything What human get is not because
of their strength to obtaining it. But because God wanting it.
72 61
For Your mercy is great above the
heavens, And Your
truth reaches to the clouds.
Your mercy is great above the
heavens. There is a kind of metaphor in
the sentence Your mercy is great above the heavens. That is the
phrase above the heavens. This is a device of earth. Earth is
compared with above the heavens, and as we know,
position of heaven is above of earth, higher than sky. And earth
is in under the heaven. So writer conclude that the phrase is a
symbol of earth, a place where human stay.
62 The Lord said to
my Lord, Sit at My right hand, Till
I make Your enemies Your
footstool.
I make Your enemies Your
footstool. The word ‘footstool’ is a kind of
symbol. Literally, footstool means a thing that is put under
our feet; its use is as the helper for our feet to make us more
comfortable in stepping or standing. Here, said that the
enemies will be the footstool of Jesus. It describes how high and
holy Jesus is. He is nobler than the entire things in the world. So
73 the thing that is used in the foot
is used to designate the characteristics of Jesus which
holy and high. 63
The Lord shall send
the rod of Your strength
out of Zion. Rule in the
midst of Your enemies
rod of Your strength.
In this verse, the phrase ‘rod of your strength’ is a kind of
symbol of God’s help, where the Lord gives strength and power to
human so that the human can face their problem.It symbolizes
God helping is very excrutiatingly. It is full of victory
and hope.According to Oxford dictionary word rod means a long
straight piece of wood, metal, or glass. When we accurate it
literally, a rod has never been categorized to some types, it is
like rod of strength. As we know, strength does not have form. We
do not ever get a power or strength from a rod. A rod cant
give a power. Metaphorically, rod of Your strength is a device
74 of help of God. It means a power
which God give to us, an ability to fight and against our enemy
and frees our life from trouble. Lord gives us salvation and
freedom.
4. 3 FINDINGS
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