8
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents about the theory of this study which becomes the
theoretical background of this study. Review of previous study and the theoretical framework are also presented in this chapter.
2.1 Review of Previous Studies
There are many researches on learning strategies. One of them is a study of learning strategies in foreign language instruction which has conducted by
Chamot 1987. His study is the description of identification of the range and characteristics of learning strategies used in studying foreign language.
This research is on high school and college students. The result of this study is that the students at all levels of instructions use predominantly
cognitive strategies supported by metacognitive strategies. Then, Warr 2000 conducted a research about learning strategies,
learning anxiety, and knowledge acquisition. This research is on adult learners. From this research, it was found that four reported learning
strategies were negative significantly associated with learning gain. Griffiths 2004 wrote a book about learning strategies theory and
research. It is about the development of learning strategies theory and how it fits into the framework of contemporary language teaching and learning
for students who speak other languages.
9
Besides, Magogwe 2007 also conducted a research about the relationship between language learning strategies, proficiency, age, and
self-eficacy beliefs. It is a study of language learners in Botswana. Lai 2009 also conducted a similar research. It is about language learning
strategy use and English proficiency of university freshmen in Taiwan. Those researches are on college students. Both of them give the similar
result that there is a dynamic relationship between use of language learning strategies and proficiency.
From the researches above, it can be known that there is no research about learning strategies which took junior high school students
as samples and its relationship to achievement test scores, so this research is conducted to know the correlation between learning strategies and
achievement test scores. Then, this research took the eighth graders of MTS N 1 Semarang in the academic year 20092010 as samples.
2.2 Theoretical Background
Kategori