conducted by means of observation by watching classical music concerts at Forum Musik Tembi Yogyakarta and deeply understanding it. More detailed data were
obtained from in-depth interviews with the Forum Musik Tembi staffs. All the data obtained from the field are then analyzed, reduced by summarizing, and focused on the
important things according to the theme, categorized, and lastly be drawn conclusions that are related to the interpretation of the researcher.
C. Result and and Discussion
1. Image and Hegemony in Classical Music Seen from Historical Background Based on history, classical music cannot be separated from the domination and
influence of the environment and the existing institutions. Based on history, in classical music there is a system of patronage that composers and musicians are worked and paid
by the patron. A patron is the institution and the people who employ and pay composers and musicians, such as churches, palaces nobility, or the rich. The patronage is different
from one era to another. Classical music emerged around the fourth century in Europe, the Middle Age
era circa 600-1450. Classical music emerged and evolved in the church. Classical music at the time was used as the interests of worship and church events. The Church at
that time is a very elite institutions that dominated public life. Therefore, classical music in that period were dominated by the church. Patronage prevailing in classical
music was from the church. People could only use the music for the benefit of the church. Classical music that developed in the era was vocal music and sung only by
men. Sacher and Eversole, 1977: 55-58 In the Renaissance circa 1450-1600, there was an understanding of rebirth as a
human being. People at that time were more appreciative. Classical music in this era was not only controlled by the church. Music was not only used for the benefit of the
church, but also to the interests of secular importance or entertainment. However patronage in classical music was still in church institutions. The format of music at that
time was dominated by vocal music. Women in this age could freely sing. The next era is Baroque circa 1600-1750, where classical music was
experiencing rapid development. Form of music that developed was not only vocal but also instrumental music. The orchestra began to evolve and become interests. At this
time the church domination reduced. Palaces and aristocratic had own power. Classical
music was not only dominated by the church but also dominated by castles and nobles. Many classical music displayed and used for the benefit of the palaces and aristocrats.
Patronage in effect at this time were the churches and the palaces. In later times, namely Classical era circa 1750-1820, classical music was
dominated by the castle and the nobility. Classical music was widely used for the benefit of the palace and the nobility. Classical music events were displayed on the
palace, the palace parties, and other celebrations. However, classical music still had an important role in the church. At this time instrumental music was growing rapidly. The
patronage came more from castles and nobility. The next era is the Romantique circa 1820-1910. It was the beginning of the entry of industrialization in classical music. In
this era emerged music book publishing. Musical instruments manufacturing production began. At this time the music was not only displayed in churches and palaces, but was
also displayed in the concert hall outside the church and the palace. More varied music were developed. Patronages not only came from churches and palaces, but the
bourgeoises who were rich people could become a patron. The latter is the Modern Age circa 1900s until present. It is the time of
industrialization ruled over human life. Therefore, classical music was also influenced by industrialization. Recordings of classical music is produced. Classical music
concerts held in many various concert hall. In todays modern era, emerges some businesses of classical music performances. Many orchestras are formed under the
patronage of a wealthy businessman. Many classical music concerts are held at expensive prices. People can enjoy classical music concerts if capable to buy tickets or
access them. According to Veblen 1953: xii in his theory of the leisure class, upper-class
existence shows off by wasting money and time. They are wasting money and time to enjoy the luxury goods and exclusive entertainment. This can be seen from the history,
in which the nobilities and bourgeoisies in ancient times did a massive waste of money and time to show their pride to the eyes of others. They consume a variety of luxury
goods, also in terms of art and entertainment. Only the rich can do it because they have a lot of money and time to spare. They are already rich so they have a lot of free time
and they do not have to work hard. In the era before modern, classical music was the music of the nobility. This
group was able to pay musicians for creating and performing music based on what they
