Theory of Emotional Intelligence

3. Theory of Emotional Intelligence

a. Definition of Intelligence

The American Psychologist, William James stated that “we cry because we feel sorry, strike because we angry, tremble because we are afraid.”(Morgan, et.al., 1986:330). Benyamin Bloom and his colleagues provided a useful extended definition of the emotional side that is still widely used today: “receiving, responding, valuing, organization and value system” (Brown, 2000:143) Another psychologist, Goleman also argues: All emotion are in essence, impulse to act, the instant plans for handling life that evolution has instilled us. The very root of the word emotion is motere the latin verb ‘to move’ plus the prefix e- to connote ‘move away’, suggesting that a tendency to act is implicit in every emotion. (Golemen, 1995:6)

In our emotional repertoire, each emotion plays a unique role, as revealed by their distinctive biological signatures. With new methods to peer into the body and brain, researchers are discovering more psysiological details of how emotion prepares the body for a very different kind of response.

Seeing what are emotions for in terms of their responses, it seems that anger, fear, happiness, love, surprise, disgust, and sadness all depend on the life experience and the culture. Emotional intelligence gives us our awareness of our own and other people’s feelings. It gives emphaty, comparison, motivation and the ability to respond appropriately to pain or pleasure. Emotional intelligence is a basic requirement for the effective use of intelligence quotient.

Emotional intelligence has also the benefits in making good relationship . Researchers have found that even more than IQ, your emotional awareness and abilities to handle feelings will determine your success and happiness in all walks of life, including family relationships. The aforementioned elaboration on the emotions give motivations and stimulations in managing the feeling so as that the running life will be much better and successful.

Intelligence has been defined in different ways, including the abilities, but not limited to, abstract thought, understanding, self- awareness, communication, reasoning, learning, having emotional knowledge, retaining, planning, and problem solving. Intelligence is most widely studied in humans, but has also been observed in animals and plants. Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines or the simulation of intelligence in machines.

Based on the explaination above it can be concluded that the intelligence is the mind that includes a number of capabilities, such as the Based on the explaination above it can be concluded that the intelligence is the mind that includes a number of capabilities, such as the

b. Emotional Intelligence

In 1983 Gardner published his research on the so-called multiple intelligence by developing a theory of intelligence that includes four additional capabilities that were not previously on IQ. The first two concern the musical and kinesthetic and the remaining two are inter personal and intra personal. Interpersonal skills and thus form intra personal emotional intelligence. Following Gardner's research, the psychologist Bar-On began his research to develop a formal survey of psychology in 1985. This instrument seeks to measure what he described as a measure of emotional, which gave birth to the term emotional intelligence. Bar-On defines emotional intelligence as a form/ability to manage stress, optimism, flexibility, problem solving, understanding the feelings of others and maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships (Craig, 2004: 18). Salovey and Mayer in his theory states that emotional intelligence includes the ability to monitor their own feelings and emotions as well as others, distinguish and use the information to guide one's thoughts and actions (Craig, 2004:19).

Intelligence is the ability to be formed by education, experience, motivation to be able to think rational by leveraging existing data when facing problems and challenges that have occurred (Bootzin, Bower,

Zajonc & Hall, 1986: 359). While Goleman (2001: 411) states that emotion refers to the feelings and thoughts of his trademark, a biological and psychological state, and a series of tendencies to act.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize the meaning of emotions and relationships, and use it to solve the problem. These capabilities include the ability to understand the feelings associated with emotions and understand information about these emotions and manage them. According to Cooper & Sawaf, (1997: 12) Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, understand effectively, applying the power and acumen of emotions as a source of energy, information, and influence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to regulate one's own feelings and others, use it to motivate and manage emotions in themselves and their relationship with others (Rahim & Psenicka, 225: 327-342).

Emotional intelligence is one of the intelligence is very important and needed by people who want to succeed in career or in his life. Emotional intelligence will provide benefits in the process and the quality of decision making, leadership, conflict resolution skills, bridging the gap, strategic and technical breakthroughs, communication, cooperation, mutual trust relationships, customer loyalty, creativity and innovation, manage yourself effectively, social skills and capabilities. An ordinary workers or those who occupy leadership positions require the benefits of emotional intelligence so that they are able to function with less well in the organization. The quality of human relationships begins with emotional Emotional intelligence is one of the intelligence is very important and needed by people who want to succeed in career or in his life. Emotional intelligence will provide benefits in the process and the quality of decision making, leadership, conflict resolution skills, bridging the gap, strategic and technical breakthroughs, communication, cooperation, mutual trust relationships, customer loyalty, creativity and innovation, manage yourself effectively, social skills and capabilities. An ordinary workers or those who occupy leadership positions require the benefits of emotional intelligence so that they are able to function with less well in the organization. The quality of human relationships begins with emotional

a career on a global scale (Goleman, 2001: 412). Emotional intelligence is not innate, but can be developed quickly and not stop at a certain age only. Emotional intelligence is also not a personality but a series of unique properties that help to shape one's character, endurance and independence in thinking, feeling and behaving. Personality is a concept that is often confused with emotional intelligence, but they have fundamental differences.

Boyatzis and McKee (2004: 304-307) states that a leader's competence is based on the emotional intelligence is self-awareness, self management, social awareness, and relationship management. While Carlson (1987: 224) explains that emotional intelligence is the ability to understand his own feelings, maturity, self control and ability to get pleasure and satisfaction in life. Goleman (1995: 12) gives the notion of emotional intelligence as a human skill to understand and cope with human feelings about themselves and about others peras3an; skills persevere yourself, the skills to encourage self and others; and skills to manage emotions well in ourselves themselves and to others, so that they can use those feelings to understand the thoughts and actions accordingly. Senge (2003:269-286) states that in order to improve emotional Boyatzis and McKee (2004: 304-307) states that a leader's competence is based on the emotional intelligence is self-awareness, self management, social awareness, and relationship management. While Carlson (1987: 224) explains that emotional intelligence is the ability to understand his own feelings, maturity, self control and ability to get pleasure and satisfaction in life. Goleman (1995: 12) gives the notion of emotional intelligence as a human skill to understand and cope with human feelings about themselves and about others peras3an; skills persevere yourself, the skills to encourage self and others; and skills to manage emotions well in ourselves themselves and to others, so that they can use those feelings to understand the thoughts and actions accordingly. Senge (2003:269-286) states that in order to improve emotional

Experience has shown why there are people who fail in high intelligence in their careers and social lives, but instead a lot of successful people who excel in career and social life turned out to have average intelligence. Goleman (1977: xii), says that the difference lies in the ability of the so-called emotional intelligence includes self-control, zeal and perseverance and the ability to motivate yourself.

Johnmarshal Reeve (1992:340), states that emotion is a multi- dimensional phenomenon, as a demonstration of the level of subjective feelings. Emotions make us feel on a particular condition, such as, angry or happy. Emotion is also a biological and psychological responses that move our bodies in a particular reaction.

Robert Plutchick (1984:319), in Robert S.Feldman illustrates that there are eight basic human emotions, the feelings: joy (Joy), accept (acceptance), fear (fear), surprise (surprise), sad (sadness), annoyance (disgust), anger (Angger) and hope (Anticipation). Every feeling has opposite feelings, such as joy is the opposite of the feelings of sadness, hope as opposed to a surprise (surprise). On the other hand it can interact with each other emotions among the eight basic types.

Permutation of two of the eight basic types of emotions associated with each other and above can be consolidated to create a new sense of Permutation of two of the eight basic types of emotions associated with each other and above can be consolidated to create a new sense of

Goleman and Strongman (1977:289) revealed that emotion as a feeling that is always moving depending on the stimuli received by a person, it has a close relationship between emotional and cognitive elements, which in turn will affect human behavior. Emotion is essentially the impulse to act, once a plan to address issues that have been implanted gradually by evolution. Emotions are also shaped by the experience of life and culture.

Robert S. Feldman (1990:316), states that emotions function as we prepare to take an action, in addition to the media between the events in the external environment with the response to be made of human behavior. Emotions also help individuals in regular social interaction with others. Hamburg in Goleman (1997:274), stating more specifically the emotional intelligence as the ability to delay gratification, to be socially responsible in an appropriate manner, to maintain control over their emotions, and to have an optimistic outlook.

The term emotional intelligence is actually a development of the basic definition of the proposed Howard Gardner (1985:239), a private intelligence, the ability to understand other people, what motivates him, and how to work and how to work with them. In addition to the ability to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments, The term emotional intelligence is actually a development of the basic definition of the proposed Howard Gardner (1985:239), a private intelligence, the ability to understand other people, what motivates him, and how to work and how to work with them. In addition to the ability to discern and respond appropriately to the moods, temperaments,

Emotional intelligence according to Sawat and Cooper (2002: xv) the ability to perceive, understand, and effectively apply the power and sensitivity of emotion as a source of energy, information, connections and influence human. According to Meyer (2004: 38) a special emotional intelligence is the ability to read the feelings most of whom we will be in touch so that they can manage effective relationships, in which at the same time motivated to meet the challenges of managing relationships.

Emotional intelligence is a useful instrument in solving the critical problems with subordinates, reached a deal with difficult customers, convey a good criticism of superiors and resolve some of the opportunities that influence success. Emotional intelligence is used to help ourselves (intrapersonnally) and help other people (interpersonally). While the definition of emotional intelligence by Weisinger (1998: xvii) is the ability to make emotions work for us to use it to make something or produce something that we want.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize feelings, reach and awaken your senses to help the mind, to understand the feelings and meanings, controlling the depth of feeling that helps the development of intellectual emotion. Emotional intelligence is also a set of skills that allow us to clear the way life is so complicated and covers aspects of personal, Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize feelings, reach and awaken your senses to help the mind, to understand the feelings and meanings, controlling the depth of feeling that helps the development of intellectual emotion. Emotional intelligence is also a set of skills that allow us to clear the way life is so complicated and covers aspects of personal,

Emotional intelligence refers to the special ability that we call common sense, it is associated with the ability to read social and political environment, set it back, with the spontaneous ability to understand what other people want and need, their advantages and disadvantages, the ability to be unaffected by pressure, and the ability to be a nice person so coveted presence of others (Stein & Book, 2004.31).

Understanding emotional intelligence according to Martin (2003:

23) is the ability to know what we and other people feel, including the proper way to handle the problem. Others referred to here include superiors, peers, subordinates or customers as well. According to Goleman (1999: 512) emotional intelligence refers to the ability to recognize our own feelings and others, the ability to motivate yourself, and the ability to manage emotions well in ourselves in relationship with others.

Emotional qualities that are important for achieving success are: a) empathy, b) the ability to express anger, c) anger control, d) self-reliance,

e) the ability to adapt, f) preferably, g) interpersonal problem-solving skills, h) persistence, i) solidarity, j) friendliness, k) comity (Shapiro, 2003: 5).

Emotional intelligence is a key factor in the success career and organization, consisting of: a) decision making, b) leadership, c) strategic and technical breakthroughs, d) open and honest communication, e) Emotional intelligence is a key factor in the success career and organization, consisting of: a) decision making, b) leadership, c) strategic and technical breakthroughs, d) open and honest communication, e)

Emotional intelligence of a person with another person is different. It can be seen in daily life that some people succeed and there are people who fail, success rates are different from each person, there are those who are steadfast in the face of problems, there is an easy stress when faced with problems and so on. The higher our emotional intelligence, the more likely we are to succeed as workers, parents, 'manager, adult children of our parents, our partner for a life partner, or candidate for office positions. Success here is defined as the ability to achieve personal goals which have been defined both in terms of employment of any nature (Stein & Book, 2004: 23-29)

Emotional intelligence skills include strategic short-term dynamic, can be tampered with in accordance with the demands of the situation. Therefore, any factors that play a role in the development of emotional intelligence and all buildings can be improved by education, training and experience (Stein & Book, 2004: 38-39).

Then Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2004: 303-307) streamline model of emotional intelligence into four categories by entering into the Then Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (2004: 303-307) streamline model of emotional intelligence into four categories by entering into the

Meanwhile, according to Robbins and Judge (2007: 248) emotional intelligence is the ability to recognize and manage emotions and information. Emotional intelligence compiled by five dimension, namely: self-awareness, self-management, self-motivation, empathy, and social skills.

From the description above it can be concluded that the emotional intelligence is qualities that one has to recognize and manage emotional cues and information about yourself or other people with emotional self- aware indicators, managing emotions, empathy toward others, and have a social conscience.

c. High Emotional Intelligence

Generally speaking, emotional intelligence improves an individual's social effectiveness. The higher the emotional intelligence, the better the social relations. In a recent review, my colleagues and I described the emotionally intelligent person in these terms:

The high EI individual, most centrally, can better perceive emotions, use them in thought, understand their meanings, and manage emotions, than others. Solving emotional problems likely requires less cognitive effort for this individual. The person also tends to be somewhat The high EI individual, most centrally, can better perceive emotions, use them in thought, understand their meanings, and manage emotions, than others. Solving emotional problems likely requires less cognitive effort for this individual. The person also tends to be somewhat

The high EI individual, relative to others, is less apt to engage in problem behaviors, and avoids self-destructive, negative behaviors such as smoking, excessive drinking, drug abuse, or violent episodes with others. The high EI person is more likely to have possessions of sentimental attachment around the home and to have more positive social interactions, particularly if the individual scored highly on emotional management. Such individuals may also be more adept at describing motivational goals, aims, and missions. (Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, 2004, p. 210) The specific kind of boost that emotional intelligence gives the individual will be subtle, and as a consequence, require some effort to identify. It will not be exhibited in all social circumstances.

Some of us accomplish certain tasks with great ease and sophistication; others of us simply can't do those tasks. This is the case with most challenges we face in life. Some of us are great chess players while others of us have trouble just figuring out how the pieces move.

Some of us are fabulous conversationalists, while others of us have trouble just saying hello.

Emotional intelligence is an intelligence having to do with discerning and understanding emotional information. Emotional information is all around us. Emotions communicate basic feeling states from one individual to another -they signal urgent messages such as "let's get together" or "I am hurting" or "I'm going to hurt you."

What ability tests of emotional intelligence tell us is that only some people can pick up and understand and appreciate the more subtle versions of those messages. That is, only the high EI individual understands the full richness and complexities of these communications.

Emotional information is crucial. It is one of the primary forms of information that human beings process. That doesn't mean that everybody has to process it well. But it does mean that it is circulating around us, and certain people who can pick up on it can perform certain tasks very well that others cannot perform.

We all need emotional intelligence to help us through our emotionally demanding days. Even if we are not emotionally intelligent ourselves, we may rely on those higher in emotional intelligence to guide us.

But guide us to what? What is it that people high in emotional intelligence can see that so many others are blind to? The key to this lies in what those high in emotional intelligence are particularly good at doing themselves.

They're particularly good at establishing positive social relationships with others, and avoiding conflicts, fights, and other social altercations. They're particularly good at understanding psychologically healthy living and avoiding such problems as drugs and drug abuse. It seems likely that such individuals, by providing coaching advice to others, and by directly involving themselves in certain situations, assist other individuals and groups of people to live together with greater harmony and satisfaction.

So, perhaps even more important than scoring high on an emotional intelligence test, is knowing one's level at this group of skills. Discovering one's level means that you can know whether and how much to be self-reliant in emotional areas, and when to seek others' help in reading the emotional information that is going on around oneself. Whether one is high or low in emotional intelligence, is perhaps not as important as knowing that emotional information exists and that some people can understand it. Knowing just that, one can use emotional information, by finding those who are able to understand it and reason with it.

This is the information age. All of us are dependent on information and using it wisely. The advent of the ability model of emotional intelligence enriches our knowledge of the information surrounding us-it tells us emotional information is there and that some people can see it and use it. The model encourages all of us to use emotional information wisely-whether through our own direct understanding, or through the assistance of those who do understand.

My colleague Peter Salovey (now Provost of Yale University) and

I introduced the theory of EI and a demonstration of how it might be measured in two 1990 journal articles. Emotional intelligence, as we described it, is the capacity to reason about emotions and emotional information, and of emotions to enhance thought. People with high EI, we believed, could solve a variety of emotion-related problems accurately and quickly. High EI people, for example, can accurately perceive emotions in faces. Such individuals also know how to use emotional episodes in their lives to promote specific types of thinking. They know, for example, that sadness promotes analytical thought and so they may prefer to analyze things when they are in a sad mood (given the choice). High EI people also understand the meanings that emotions convey: They know that angry people can be dangerous, that happiness means that someone wants to join with others, and that some sad people may prefer to be alone. High EI people also know how to manage their own and others' emotions. They I introduced the theory of EI and a demonstration of how it might be measured in two 1990 journal articles. Emotional intelligence, as we described it, is the capacity to reason about emotions and emotional information, and of emotions to enhance thought. People with high EI, we believed, could solve a variety of emotion-related problems accurately and quickly. High EI people, for example, can accurately perceive emotions in faces. Such individuals also know how to use emotional episodes in their lives to promote specific types of thinking. They know, for example, that sadness promotes analytical thought and so they may prefer to analyze things when they are in a sad mood (given the choice). High EI people also understand the meanings that emotions convey: They know that angry people can be dangerous, that happiness means that someone wants to join with others, and that some sad people may prefer to be alone. High EI people also know how to manage their own and others' emotions. They

To test whether EI exists, my colleagues Peter Salovey, David Caruso, and I developed a number of ability measures of EI. Dr. Caruso had trained in intelligence research and had joined our group in 1995. Our team wanted to see if we could measure emotional intelligence abilities, if they improved with age (a characteristic of intelligence generally), and if EI abilities together formed a cohesive intelligence. If all of those conditions were met, EI arguably would be an intelligence.

The ability to answer such questions correctly seems to improve as children grow older. In addition, such questions cohere as a group: People who do well at some items tend to do well on others as well. For these reasons and others, EI is now believed to exist and is considered by many to be an established intelligence.

Emotional intelligence is often claimed to be many things it is not: journalistic accounts of EI often have equated it to other personality traits. Emotional intelligence, however, is not agreeableness. It is not optimism. It is not happiness. It is not calmness. It is not motivation. Such qualities, although important, have little to do with intelligence, little to do with emotions, and nearly nothing to do with actual emotional intelligence. It is especially unfortunate that even some trained psychologists have confused Emotional intelligence is often claimed to be many things it is not: journalistic accounts of EI often have equated it to other personality traits. Emotional intelligence, however, is not agreeableness. It is not optimism. It is not happiness. It is not calmness. It is not motivation. Such qualities, although important, have little to do with intelligence, little to do with emotions, and nearly nothing to do with actual emotional intelligence. It is especially unfortunate that even some trained psychologists have confused

...groups of widely studied personality traits, including motives such as the need for achievement, self-related concepts such as self-control, emotional traits such as happiness, and social styles such as assertiveness should be called what they are, rather than being mixed together in haphazard-seeming assortments and named emotional intelligence (p. 514).

Journalistic accounts have propagated yet another misconception about EI: That it is the best predictor of success in life. EI is certainly not the best predictor of success in life - as was once suggested on the cover of TIME magazine in the United States. My colleagues and I never made such claims. Those claims arose, instead, from a flurry of journalistic accounts between 1995-1998. My colleagues and I carefully examined such journalistic claims and it became clear they were based on misunderstandings of psychological science. (A local newspaper covered my concerns about a popular book on the topic: The newspaper's 1995 headline read: "UNH Prof Who Pioneered Work on Emotional Intelligence Calls Claims in Book Outrageous." I penned quite a few more critiques thereafter (see here, for one).

That said, I believe EI is quite important: It expands our notions of intelligence, it helps us predict important life outcomes, and it can be used to help people find the right work and relationships for themselves.

From explaination above it can concluded that the high emotional intelligence is one of intelligences in the primary forms of information that human beings process, it can perform certain tasks very well that others cannot perform, can better perceive emotions, use them in thought, understand their meanings, and manage emotions,

d. Low emotional intelligence

Emotional intelligence touches just about every aspect of life. Whether we notice it or not, it has a direct bearing on how successful we are, in our career or personally. Emotional intelligence is the effectiveness of an individual to respond to one's own emotions and to those of others. Having good emotional intelligence or EI makes a person adept to responding appropriately in social situations. Having a low emotional intelligence, then, has its drawbacks. What does having a low EI mean? What are some of these drawbacks and what are some examples? These and other questions are what we will look into.

Being aware of one's emotions and being able to respond appropriately is healthy and important. When this is lacking it becomes very evident. We naturally have thresholds to various things, for example, pain. We eventually reach our limit. Someone with a low emotional threshold reaches their limits emotionally more frequently than someone with a higher threshold. For instance, someone with low emotional intelligence may be easily and frequently irritated, angry or sad. They may Being aware of one's emotions and being able to respond appropriately is healthy and important. When this is lacking it becomes very evident. We naturally have thresholds to various things, for example, pain. We eventually reach our limit. Someone with a low emotional threshold reaches their limits emotionally more frequently than someone with a higher threshold. For instance, someone with low emotional intelligence may be easily and frequently irritated, angry or sad. They may

As mentioned, emotional intelligence plays a large role in business and personal life. To show the drawbacks of low emotional intelligence here are a few statistics to put things in perspective. To begin, 50% of all marriages end in divorce. An inability to communicate effectively and take another's feelings into consideration have a lot to due with these numbers. Next, 75% of careers are dis-railed due to emotional incompetency. Loss of clients is almost always due to lack of appropriate response to a complaint or situation. Research also shows that pessimists live shorter and unhealthier lives. They are more prone to depression too. There is no end to the effects of a low emotional threshold. Patients who have doctors that they feel listen to them and show an interest, recover faster and more often than those who don't. Even for children and young adults, research shows that emotional intelligence is important.

Having low emotional intelligence has its definite drawbacks. The good news, is that it can be changed. Unlike an IQ, your EI can increase by developing certain skills and practice. Those with high EI make people Having low emotional intelligence has its definite drawbacks. The good news, is that it can be changed. Unlike an IQ, your EI can increase by developing certain skills and practice. Those with high EI make people

How much of an impact does emotional intelligence have on your professional success? The short answer is: a lot! It’s a powerful way to focus your energy in one direction with a tremendous result. We’ve tested emotional intelligence alongside 33 other important workplace behaviors and found that it subsumes the majority of them, including time management, decision-making, and communication. Your emotional intelligence is the foundation for a host of critical skills-it impacts most everything you say and do each day. Emotional intelligence is so critical to success that it accounts for 58% of performance in all types of jobs. It’s the single biggest predictor of performance in the workplace and the strongest driver of leadership and personal excellence.

No matter whether people measure high or low in emotional intelligence, they can work to improve it, and those who score low can actually catch up to their co-workers. Research conducted at the business school at the University of Queensland in Australia discovered that people who are low in emotional intelligence and job performance can match their No matter whether people measure high or low in emotional intelligence, they can work to improve it, and those who score low can actually catch up to their co-workers. Research conducted at the business school at the University of Queensland in Australia discovered that people who are low in emotional intelligence and job performance can match their

From all the people we’ve studied at work, we have found that 90 percent of high performers are also high in emotional intelligence. On the flip side, just 20 percent of low performers are high in emotional intelligence. You can be a high performer without emotional intelligence, but the chances are slim. People who develop their emotional intelligence tend to be successful on the job because the two go hand in hand. Naturally, people with high emotional intelligence make more money-an average of $29,000 more per year than people with low emotional intelligence. The link between emotional intelligence and earnings is so direct that every point increase in emotional intelligence adds $1,300 to an annual salary. These findings hold true for people in all industries, at all levels, in every region of the world. We haven’t yet been able to find a job in which performance and pay aren’t tied closely to emotional intelligence.

In order to be successful and fulfilled nowadays, you must learn to maximize your emotional intelligence skills, for it is those who employ a unique blend of reason and feeling who achieve the greatest results.

The authors suggest that the notion of coping strategies fits well with the concept of emotional intelligence. It is possible that those adolescents high on emotional intelligence are those who cope well with transition. Therefore, it may be the case that appropriate coping strategies The authors suggest that the notion of coping strategies fits well with the concept of emotional intelligence. It is possible that those adolescents high on emotional intelligence are those who cope well with transition. Therefore, it may be the case that appropriate coping strategies

From the explaination it can concluded that low emotional intelligence is one's emotions and being able to respond appropriately is healthy and important. When this is lacking it becomes very evident. We naturally have thresholds to various things, for example, pain. We eventually reach our limit. Someone with a low emotional threshold reaches their limits emotionally more frequently than someone with a higher threshold. For instance, someone with low emotional intelligence may be easily and frequently irritated, angry or sad. They may succumb more easily to self-pity, jealousy or depression. Life is always putting us in changing situations. With lower emotional thresholds, a person will find themselves displaying and living these and other types of negative emotions.