Research Design RESEARCH METHOD

© Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University www.eprints.undip.ac.id

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD

The study focused on orthographic transcription technique in the sixth semester students of STMIK Widya Pratama Pekalongan. The following procedure was adopted for studying orthographic transcription technique to improve the listening skill. In this chapter, the writer discusses some important points of the research design, research subject, research instrument, data collection, and data analysis which are used in this study.

3.1. Research Design

The research will be done through the quasi experimental research which involves pre and post-test conducted in both experimental and control groups. Quasi experiment is defined as an experiment that has treatment, treatment result measurement in each experimental unit but it doesn‟t involve the randomized tasks to create the comparison in order to conclude the changes caused by treatment. Cook Campbell, 1979. The type of the research is also called post- hoc research which means the researcher may determine the effect occuring from a variable upon certain treatment. Salkind, 2006:234. According to Cook, CampbellPeraccio 1990:492 experiments are vehicles for testing a particular type of causal hypothesis. Quasi experiments primarily depend onself selection or administrative decisions to determine who is to be exposed to a treatment. Quasi experiments can have all the other major structural features of experiments theory including pre test and post test, observations and comparison groups. © Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University www.eprints.undip.ac.id According to Burke and Christensen 2000:256 the pre-test to post-test difference scores of the groups, the experimental and another group are then analyzed to determine whether the independent variable that is the use of Orthographic transcription technique, produces an effect to students‟ listening skill. In other words, data analysis of pre-test to post-test difference score of the two groups is used to determine whether the experiment group‟s score is significantly different from the control group‟s score. The two groups in this research were taught using the same material, in the same period of time, in the same level, and by the same teacher, but with different teaching method and technique of learning. At the end of the study, the listening skill acquisition of these two groups was compared and then analyzed to determine whether or not the experiment treatment is effective. The experimental research design is as the following: Table 3.1. Experimental Design with Pre-test and Post-test. Group of research participant Pre test Treatment Post test Difference Compare Experiment I A X 1 Teaching listening using ortohraphic transcription technique Y 1 X 1 -Y 1 Achieveme nt on listening test dependent variable © Master Program in Linguistics, Diponegoro University www.eprints.undip.ac.id Table 3.1. Experimental Design with Pre-test and Post-test. Experiment II B X 2 Teaching listening without orthographic transcription technique Y 2 X 2 -Y 2

3.2. Subject of the Research