Teachers’ Books Criteria Practical Considerations Criteria

31 Feez and Joyce 2002 explain that in a stage of independent construction of the text, students work independently with the text. Learner performances are used for achievement assessment. The examples of activities for listening tasks are comprehension activities in response to live or recorded material such as performing a task, sequencing pictures, numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet and answering questions. The example of speaking task activity is spoken presentation to class, while the example of listening and speaking activities are role plays and simulated or authentic dialogues. Reading task activities include performing a task, sequencing pictures, numbering, ticking or underlining material on a worksheet, and answering questions. Meanwhile in writing, it is expected that the students draft and present whole texts in writing tasks. The last stage is named linking to related texts. According to Feez and Joyce 2002, in this stage students investigate the comparison of what they have learned in the cycle with the other texts or teaching learning cycle. The activities in this stage are comparing the use of different text type, researching other text- type, role playing what happens if the same text type is used by people with different roles and relationships, comparing spoken and written models of the same text-type, and researching how a key language feature used in this text-type is used in other text types. In relation to the teaching learning cycle, Derewianka 2003 gives a positive comment of it. She says that the curriculum cycle provides opportunities for both teacher and learners to take responsibility at different phases in the teachinglearning process. 32 In the early phases, the teacher takes a more direct role in developing the necessary knowledge and skills, with the learners in an ’apprentice’ role. As the learners develop greater control of the genre, the teacher gradually withdraws support and encourages learner independence Derewianka, 2003:146. The implementation of curriculum cycle is useful since it not only provides the students with sufficient guidance from the teacher but also evokes the student’s independent learning.

B. Theoretical Framework

After knowing the significance of a textbook in language teaching and the way to evaluate it, the researcher decided to conduct this textbook evaluation. In this research, impressionistic and in-depth examinations were done in order to get detailed evaluation of the textbook. This was pre-use evaluation which aimed to look for potential use of the textbook. The checklist used in this research was taken and adapated from Cunningswoth’s textbook evaluaation checklist Cunningsworth, 1995. Before deciding to use this checklist, the researcher had also viewed and compared the checklists from other experts like Brown 2007, Skierso 1991, Byrd 2001 and Harmer 2007. Finally, it was decided to use Cunningsworth’s checklist. The preference to use Cunningswoth’s checklist was taken since the items of this checklist were considered as the most applicable criteria to be used in this research. Considering one of the weaknesses of the textbook, in which the content of the textbook may not suitable for each student’s background, the researcher chose a checklist that covers most applicable criteria. The criteria that must be