14 re’fill. However, in some cases, conversion does not occur in converted deverbal
nouns. For instance, the noun at’tack is formed from verb at’tack. On the other
hand, in denominal verbs, stress is neutral, such as in the verb ‘question from
noun ‘question.
e. Clipping
O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 define clipping as a process of deleting one or more syllables of a polysyllabic word in order to make it short. Clipping is
often used to make long word become simpler or shorter. Veisbergs 1999 finds that clipping is often used in noun. However, clipping can also happen in other
lexical category, such as verbs and adjectives. The examples are in the verb phone from telephone and in the adjective comfy from comfortable.
Veisbergs 1999 also finds that in English, clipping is commonly found in the school and college slang. Some examples of the words are exam from
examination, lab from laboratory, math from mathematics, and dorms from dormitories. Furthermore,
O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 state that clipping is often used in casual speech and in some names. The examples of clipped words in
casual speech are flu from influenza and burger from hamburger while some examples of clipped names are Liz, Ron, and Sue.
f. Blends
Liu and Liu 2014 define blends as ―the combination of clipping and
compounding in which new words are created by the overlap of words or fragments of existing words‖ p. 25. In addition, O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010
define blends as ―words that are created from non-morphemic parts of two already
15
existing items, usually the first part of one and the final part of the other‖ p. 140.
The examples of blends are brunch from breakfast and lunch, motel from motor and hotel, and smog from smoke and fog.
O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 also find that crossbred animals are commonly named by using blends. For example,
liger or tigon from lion + tiger, zedonk or zonkey from zebra + donkey, and cama from camel + llama. There are some ways to create a blend word. Liu and Liu
2014 classify blends into three types. The first one is head + word. For instance, the word emotag is the blending from the head of the word emotion with complete
word tag. The second type is head + tail, as it is found in the word wedsite, the combination of the head of the word wedding and the tail of the word website. The
last type is word + tail blending. The example is the word viewser from the head of the word viewer and the tail of the word user.
g. Backformation
