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word. The same as clipping, acronyms have a function of shortening long words to become a simpler word. Hence, acronyms are often found in our daily life.
Izura and Playfoot 2012 state that ―acronyms represent a significant and
idiosyncratic part of our everyday vocabulary. The demands of a highly technical society have dramatically increased the proportion of acronyms encountered in
everyday language ‖ p. 862.
O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 explain that acronyms are commonly used in naming organizations and in military and scientific terminology. Some
examples of acronyms are AIDS from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, PIN from Personal Identification Number, and RAM from Random-Access
Memory. However, some words are sometimes not recognized as acronyms. O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 find three examples of words that actually
acronyms. They are radar from radio detecting and ranging, scuba from self- contained underwater breathing apparatus, and laser from light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation. Pahlavannezhad, Akhlaghi, and Ebrahimi 2012 state that
―this created word can perform the role of noun in a sentence‖ p. 168. Long noun phrases consisting more than two words are often shortened by using
acronyms as it is showed from the examples.
i. Initialisms
Initialisms are different from acronyms. Initialisms have almost the same definition with acronyms. Initialisms are also formed by taking some or all initial
letters of the words O‘Grady de Guzman, 2010. However, acronyms are
pronounced as a word while initialisms are pronounced as sequences of letters. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Some examples of initialisms are CD from Compact Disc, VIP from Very Important Person, and COD from Cash on Delivery.
j. Onomatopoeia
O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 define onomatopoeic words as the words that are created to represent the name of a thing
‘s sound. Onomatopoeic sounds do not show the intrinsic connection between a word and its meaning. Some
examples of onomatopoeic words are meow, cock-a-doodle-doo, atchoo, buzz, and boom. Onomatopoeic words may be different from one language to another
because the speaker of the language may hear something in a different way. For example, English speakers will say that the sound of a rooster is cock-a-doodle-
doo, while Indonesian speakers will say kukuruyuk. Simpson 2004 classifies onomatopoeia into two forms: a lexical
onomatopoeia and a non-lexical onomatopoeia. ―Lexical onomatopoeia draws
upon recognized words in the language system, words like thud, crack, slurp, and buzz, whose pronunciation enacts symbolically their referents outside language
‖ Simpson, 2004, p. 67.
On the other hand, ―non-lexical onomatopoeia, by contrast, refers to clusters of sound which echo the world in a more unmediated
way, without the intercession of linguistic structure‖ Simpson, 2004, p. 67.
k. Coinage or Word Manufacture or Invention
Zapata 2007 defines word coinage or invention as ―the process whereby
new words are created outright, either deliberately or accidentally, to fit some purpose‖ p. 10. Coinage is usually used to represent a nonexistent word of an
item in our everyday life. Hence, O‘Grady and de Guzman 2010 find that
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coinage or word manufacture is commonly found in a name of products or brands. Some examples of coinage are Kodak, Xerox, Nylon, and Dacron.
l. Eponyms
