Theoretical Framework REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Adam http:www.penguin.comnewsroomgayle-formans-new-york-times- bestselling-novel-stay-hits-theaters-august-22-2014. The movie won some awards, which were the category of “Choice Movie: Drama” in Teen Choice Awards and “Favorite Dramatic Movie Actress” in People’s Choice Awards. Gayle Forman, born June 5th 1970 in Los Angeles, is an American author who focuses on the genre of young-adult fiction. She is very popular and has been featured in many national publications, including The Nation, Elle Magazine, Cosmopolitan Magazine and The New York Times. She won the NAIBA Book of the Year Awards in 2009 and an Indie Choice Honor Award winner for If I Stay in 2010. She also won the British Fantasy Award and the ALAYALSA Quick Pick for Reluctant Young Adult Readers in 2010 http:gayleforman.combio. The inspiration of this If I Stay novel is based on a real accident happening to a family in New York. The news spreads all over the city, including to Forman who hears it. A little boy survived, while the other members of his family do not. Forman, then, keeps thinking whether the little boy knows what has happened to the rest of his family and whether it is his decision to choose not to go with his family. Besides, there is also another inspira tion coming from Forman’s friend. Her friends all over the country suddenly gather in the Oregon town where their friend has an ad-hoc wake after in the coma for a long time. Forman reflects that although there are wounds in life, her friend must have found clarity, a moral compass that has guided her to come back to life. After what has happened to her friend, she keeps pondering and questioning whether someone really chooses to die or to live Forman, 2010: 241. From those real happening events and those questions in her thought, almost seven years after those facts, a stranger pops into Forman’s mind. Her name is Mia, a seventeen-years-old cellist, and she is going to take a journey to answer that question that has been living in Forman’s mind for years: “What will you do if you have to choose?” 2010: 242. Mia Hall, as the main character of If I Stay, is described as a seventeen- year-old girl who really loves playing cello. Her family gets an accident, and she is the only one who survives. She is in a comatose state, which is a state between life and death. Her body is in a critical state and cannot move at all, but Mia’s soul is going back and forth around the hospital, which represents the unconscious mind of Mia Hall. In the end of the story, Mia Hall has to choose by herself which path of life she wants to take. She must decide whether she wants to be alive, or she wants to follow her family’s path. After having gone through all kinds of situation in the hospital, she finds her choice, which is to be alive. The novel If I Stay becomes the object of this study because this study analyzes the unconscious mind of someone, especially on how it can trigger and motivate someone to make a decision in hisher life. To do so, Mia Hall’s soul, described by the author to be able to speak and feel, is analyzed as the unconscious mind of Mia Hall; and the characteristics that have been formed in her trigger herself to make a decision to be alive.

B. Approach of the Study

According to Peter Barry, the definition of psychoanalytic approach is as follows Psychoanalytic criticism is a form of literary criticism which uses some of techniques of psychoanalysis in the interpretation of literature. Psychoanalysis itself is a form of therapy which aims to cure mental disord ers ‘by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind’ 2002: 96. There are some techniques of psychoanalysis applied in the literature. Felman analyzes the relationship between literature and psychoanalysis, especially on the ways how psychoanalysis is applied in the literary works. The first way is by identifying the literary work from the view of psychoanalytic approach. “Like the psychoanalyst viewed by the patient, the text is viewed by us as a ‘subject presumed to know’ – as the very place where meaning, and knowledge of meaning, reside. With respect to the text, the literary critic occupies thus at once the place of the psychoanalyst in the relation of interpretation and the place of the patient in the relation of transference” Felman, 1977: 7. From that quotation, it can be concluded that when someone reads a text, that text is already seen as a subject whose meaning is interpreted. The second technique is by focusing on how both of them work together to imply the interpretation about mind. The notion of application would be replaced by the radically different notion of implication: bringing analytical questions to bear upon literary questions, involving psychoanalysis in the scene of literary analysis, the interpreter’s role would here be, not to apply the text an acquired science, a preconceived knowledge, but to act as a go-between, to generate implications between literature and psychoanalysis – to explore, bring to light and articulate the various indirect ways in which the two domains do indeed implicate each other, each one finding itself enlightened, informed, but also affected, displaced, by the other Felman, 1977: 8-9 The quotation above implies that when some questions are formulated to a literary analysis related to the human mind, the researcher does not apply the psychoanalytic approach to the text as a science, but the researcher explores both of them together because both the text and psychoanalysis implicate each other. In this undergraduate thesis, the researcher uses a psychoanalytical approach because it is the most appropriate way to answer the problems. The researcher uses psychoanalytic approach to answer the second problem formulation because psychoanalytic approach suggests the influence of human psychology in literary work. The analysis of this study mainly focuses on the main character’s decision making process which is influenced by her unconscious mind. The decision making of the main character, Mia Hall, is analyzed to show that although her body is in the comatose state, her mind is still awake, and she is psychologically aware that she is capable to discover what she has to choose. Therefore, the psychoanalytical approach is applied in this study.

C. Method of the Study

This undergraduate thesis about the main characte r’s decision making process is a library research method. The researcher collected data from the library to support the information about If I Stay. Besides from library, the writer also gathered data from internet. The primary sources were Gayle Forman’s If I Stay , Richard Gill’s Mastering English Literature, Carl Jung’s Personal PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI