CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter is mainly presenting the literature reviews related to the topic of the research. First, theoretical review is elaborated briefly to build the foundation of
this research. Second, related studies are presented and explained in this chapter to point out what have been discussed so far by other researchers and evaluators. Last, a
framework is presented in the end of this chapter to give a clear construct of this research.
A. Theoretical Review
This section reviews relevant constructs and critically analyzes their relations in building up theoretical framework of the research. Based on the research problems,
it is recognized into three major constructs, namely English textbook, Evaluation in English Language Teaching, and Indonesian curriculum of 2013.
1. Textbooks
Commonly, textbooks are a book about a particular subject that is used in the study of that subject especially in a school. Those are commonly used by the learners
as well as the teachers in a school that provides structured syllabus of the course program Ur, 1991. Usually, the books are accompanied by teacher
’s book as the manual in teaching the subject and workbook to support learners in practicing the
subject.
7 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
a. Definition of Textbooks
Before going further talking about course books evaluation, this section initially talks about the subject of the study which is a textbook. As a matter of fact
textbooks are taken for granted in some places while in some other places textbooks are not used at all. In such case, textbooks are only used as the supplementary
material. However, some teachers select textbooks and use them in their classes Ur, 1991. In other words, in some situation, textbook is used selectively and it is used to
as supplementary materials in the English course program. Therefore, it is important to clarify the definition on what it is called as a textbook.
It seems that Ur ’s 1991 definition about textbook is the easiest to
understand. She gives a clear position of the term textbook when the discussion comes to the necessity of using a textbook. It is explained that textbook is book of
which the teacher and each student has a copy, and which later on in the learning process it is followed systematically as the basis of a language course.
Textbooks now become a must-have element in EFLESL teaching. Those are widely accepted to be the heart of any English language situation Sheldon, 1988;
Hutchinson and Torres, 1994. It is also argued that textbooks have become the common element in the teaching of English as the second language or foreign
language Tsiplakides, 2011. This happens because it seems that it is too difficult for teachers to create their own teaching materials Sheldon, 1988. Another reason by
Sheldon 1988 to justify the argument above is that textbooks lessen the preparation time by providing ready-made teaching texts and learning tasks.
b. Roles of Textbooks
In our discussion about textbooks, a role play of a textbook is inseparable from the discussion. Ur 1991 says that a textbook is a framework for the teachers
and learners making them know where they are going and what is coming next. Therefore, there is a sense of structure and progress. A textbook can be also a
syllabus of an EFLESL course since a textbook should provide a syllabus in it. Besides providing a syllabus, a textbook even provides texts and learning tasks.
Agreeing to Ur ’s opinion 1991, a textbook is a source for learner practice and
communicative interaction Cunningsworth, 1995. A textbook is a convenience in teaching and learning EFLESL since in a textbook the components stick together in
order and structured Ur, 1991. According to Ur 1991, a textbook also roles as a guidance for inexperience teacher or for teachers who occasionally unsure of their
knowledge of the language. In other meaning, it can become a support for less experienced teachers Cunningsworth, 1995. Finally, a textbook may become a
reference and source where learners can use textbook to learn new material, review and monitor progress with some degree of autonomy Ur, 1991; Cunningsworth,
1995. In conclusion, textbook plays a very important role in teaching and learning
process since from the above explanation of the experts; textbook is inseparable from the teacher and student. Three important roles of a textbook in English course
program dominate in teaching and learning English in EFL context. They are as a guide book for teachers and learners, a reference book for teachers and learners and a
ready-made syllabus for teachers. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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