stated by Burns 2010:74, interviews are a classic way in research to conduct a conversation that explores the focus area. This technique was used to get
information from the students and the teacher about the teaching and learning process.
The qualitative data were gained by carrying out interviews with the English teacher and students of class VII F. The researcher interviewed the
English teacher to decide what kind of activity to apply in solving the problems, that is to improve the students‟ writing ability. Besides, the researcher also
interviewed the students to collect their problems during the teaching and learning of writing and ask their opinion after the action which implemented.
3. Pretest and Posttest
The researcher wanted to get information about the students‟ writing score
by conducting the writing pretest and posttest. The pretest was a test which was conducted before the actions. It gave information about the students‟ writing
scores before the actions. Meanwhile, the posttest was a test which was conducted to measure their writing scores after the actions. Then the score of both tests were
compared. Both the tests measured how the actions affect their writing skill.
The data of the research were qualitative and supported by quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected by conducting observations and
interviews. The data from observations were transformed into field notes. Meanwhile, the recorded data from interviews were transformed into transcripts.
Hence, the data were in the form of field notes, interview transcripts, and documentations. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were collected in the forms of
numbers and it was to support the qualitative data. The researcher conducted a writing pretest and posttest as a part of monitoring sequences which aimed to gain
statistical evidence of the writing improvements. The following table shows the kinds of data, the data instruments and the data collection technique used by the
researcher to collect the data.
Table 5. Data Collection Technique No.
Data Instrument
Techniques
1. The teaching and
learning process Observation guideline
Interview guideline Observation
Interview Discussion
2. The
teacher‟s activities
Observation guideline Interview guideline
Observation Interview
Discussion 3.
The students‟
involvement Observation guideline
Interview guideline Observation
Interview Discussion
F. Data Analysis Technique
The data of the research were in the forms of qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were attained from the field notes of the observation
protocol and the transcripts of interview. The data obtained from the observations and the interviews were analyzed qualitatively. Meanwile, the quantitative data of
this research were collected from conducting the tests. In analyzing the quantitative data, the descriptive analysis was used. The mean was used as a
